How Are the Elements of Realism Used to Present Believable

How are the elements of realism used to present believable characters to the audience? â€Å"If you know your character's thoughts, the proper vocal and bodily expressions will naturally follow† said by the creator of realist theatre Constantine Stanislavski, is used heavily in the assistance to the portrayal and understanding of the characters in Ray Lawler’s ‘Summer of the Seventeenth Doll’. Actors and actresses can achieve great heights with the depiction of the characters through Lawler’s use of dramatic elements and a constant realist setting and symbolic props. Summer of the Seventeenth Doll’ is a play set in Australia during the 1950’s which was a crucial period in the development of the Australian identity. It was a time of post-war reconstruction and immigration, of materialism, a wool boom, of suburban comfort and conservatism- the first decade since early in the century in which the ordinary Australian had not been hounded by war, depression and drought. It was also a time period in which the sugar cane industry was booming and many workers made their way up to the sugar cane fields in Queensland to harvest the sugar cane and earn a living.This was the occupation of Barney and Roo as they are coming back from their seventeenth year working in the fields as the play begins. Like all realist and naturalist plays, the characters portrayed in ‘Summer of the Seventeenth Doll’ are in a constant state of flux, reflecting human actions within the cultural milieu of 1950’s Australia, attempting to present perspectives on ‘truth’ in such a way that the Australian culture can digest that ‘truth’ as they desperately struggle to hold on to the adopted traditions that regularly take place within the lay-off season.Lawler effectively uses symbolism to distinctly highlight the characters ongoing futile attempts to hold on to their various illusions, through the accidental s mashing of the vase containing the seventeenth doll, and as the play progresses their flaws unfold. Olive and her perception of the lay-off season becomes her flaw as she considers this a time in which she can thoroughly enjoy herself in the company of men without the fear of commitment and the pressures of a family. She made a mistake’ is replied by Olive after Pearl had said, ‘Didn’t seem to stop her from getting married’, as Olive shows her unwillingness to be within wedlock. ‘Compared to all the marriages I know, what i got is †¦ is five months of heaven every year’ as Olive further reinforces her unchanging views of marriage. Also the men have their flaws through their pride and masculinity suffering a severe beating. Roo, the silly cow, strains his back’ is told by Barney to Olive of Roo’s horrid year in the fields then continues on to say ‘Instead of pointin’ out he had a bad back, he puts himself to work by this Dowd – gonna show him up, see’ further accentuating his grip on his pride and masculinity. However Roo and Barney engage into a heated argument which eventuates into the smashing of the vase which contained the seventeenth doll. ‘The big man rips it from his hands and throws it away into the centre of the room, smashing the vase and scattering the dolls’.At this high point of tension the audience feels shocked as the vase and the dolls had symbolised the great joy that the lay-off season is supposed to bring. ‘There is a sudden silence. Olive sinks to her knees and picks up the seventeenth doll, hold it close’ the absence of dialogue is extremely effective as the audience can feel the raw emotions of Olive as the smashed vase symbolises her hopes of the lay-off season being shattered into pieces. Through slow and accentuated movements the audiences can easily understand the significance of the doll to Olive therefore deeply sympathise with her character.Furthermore the shattering of the vase is again symbolic for Roo as just before the vase was smashed it was revealed that his back wasn’t sore and that it was jealousy that led him to lie about his back. ‘He never had a bad back’ was exclaimed by Barney moments before the smashing of the vase. This again was highly symbolic of the smashing as the realisation of his fleeting masculinity and the inevitability of his ageing mind and body are finally beginning to sink in, and his true self is revealed to the audience.Also, considering the play was set in the 1950’s of Australia, the people of Australia had their own unique way of the pronunciation of words and had adopted a very colloquial styled language. Lawler had taken this firmly into account as he consolidated this type of language into the play. ‘†¦ the regulars'd stand aside to let 'em through, just as if they was a – a coupla kings’ was said by Olive as she described Barney and Roo. Again, Olive says ‘these are a coupla sugarcane cutters’.This exemplifies an ordinary, raw and realistic representation of Australian culture and life in the 1950’s which is especially evident through the word â€Å"coupla. † In pairs we worked to together to workshop a scene between Olive and Pearl which involved us changing our tone of voice to suite the 1950's Australian language. ‘Well I dunno what it's gunna be like livin' here' was a line that I said as I had played Pearl and using the words â€Å"dunno†, â€Å"gunna† and â€Å"livin† really assisted me in believing in my role and my character.When we performed or dramatic reading in front of the class the authenticity of a 1950's Australian was shown through the alterations in our tone of voice as it became laid back in the not climactic beats of the scene and our accents deepened and again our tone of voice altered in the high points of tension, ‘Here, sit down and shut up if you can't talk sense. ‘ In class we worked together to create a scene through our dramatic reading that lead me play Roo in the scene where Barney smashes the vase containing the seventeenth doll.The lines that were read were as follows: Roo: No, I think that’s up to you [he charges across at Barney, pushing Olive out of the way. He savagely whips Barney’s arm behind his back, and forces him to his knees, facing the women] It's your lie – you tell'em! Barney: [his face contorted with pain]Aah – cut it out. Roo: [increasing the pressure] tell’em Barney: [gasping] he never had a bad back. At the high point in tension where I (Roo) charged over at Barney and grabbed his arm and whipped it behind his back I used fast explosive movements to convey to the audience the frustration and anger felt by Roo.I forced Barney to his knees in order to show the levels between the characters so that Roo was the more domina nt figure, and when Barney was to reveal the secret to the women, he would've had to comprehend extreme guilt whilst feeling lower and belittled towards everyone else. ‘His face contorted with pain', the person playing Barney reacted to the arm whipping feeling very subdued with dynamic facial expressions to compliment the pain he must have felt.As I ‘increased the pressure' and forcefully exclaimed â€Å"tell'em†, all of my movements were extremely tense as I created this enticing moment for the audience and the characters. The person playing Barney ‘gasped' and revealed the enticing situation and said ‘he never had a bad back'. The characters and audience were left stunned at this revelation and, the tone, movements and facial expressions used within those beats and units had created strong dramatic meaning as the audience was gripped onto hat would happen next. The concept of dramatic realism operates within Summer of the Seventeenth Doll through as pects such as the use of slang, language, set, costume approximates real life, natural language rhythms, relevance to society of that era, etc. Summer of the Seventeenth Doll is set in the 1950s, Olive and her black dresses and when she changes it for that night symbolising change and at the end when she changes back to black and symbolising nothing has changed

Discuss the causes of World War I Essay

The most prominent factors which led to World War 1 were nationalism, militarism, imperialism, the Balkan and Morocco crises, and the alliance system. As luck would have it, these factors either started in response to, or because of each other. The alliance system was one of the last factors to emerge before the war. The alliance system was a main cause of World War 1; it came into play because of a few factors, and did not cause the war alone. Nationalism, the love and support of one’s country, has always existed. During this time, nonetheless, it took part in the culmination of one of the most famous wars in history. As so much pride was devoted to countries, it made the potential for peace between past rivals less likely. It also meant that most nations, particularly the great powers, would rather fight a war than back down from a rival’s diplomacy. Since no country felt easy about fighting in a war alone, nationalism was a contributing factor to the alliance system. Allies provided a lot of ease with the growing militaries in almost every country. Militarism, a policy of aggressive military preparedness, in this period of time gave all countries great reason to feel the heavy weight of a looming war. Great Britain had a naval policy to have the largest military force hands down. That, along with the predominate feeling of war, provided countries with a strong reason to create an incredibly strong military force. This led to an arms race, which made the impending war seem certain. The military planning in some countries also caused an increased fear of war. Military machines were being developed; each country was appointing a staff of experts. The greatest problem with this was the fear that the expert would precipitate war under a looming timetable. The alliance system was born from these two factors. If two or more countries are allied with each other they have a better chance of defeating their common enemy if war was declared. They also have a higher likelihood of winning if they have alliances providing support. Imperialism is defined as the control of people by another politically, economic exploitation, or the imposition of culture on another group. This not only played a large part in the creation of the alliance system, but it  also created enemies for many countries, which were grounds for war. For example, Austria wanted to dominate the Balkans in order to check for propaganda coming from Serbia. Germany supported Austria in its Balkan policy because it wanted to exploit the rich resources of Asia Minor, and had to have a peaceful route through the Balkans to get there. In this way, it led to the alliance of Germany and Austria when war was in the near future. Imperialism led countries to have conflicting national interests as well, which also led to war. Each country thought they were right and wanted to convert other cultures to be more like their own. With nationalism, militarism, and imperialism all showing a large presence at the same period, a solid ground was formed for the alliance system to build itself on. The Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria was formed, the Triple Alliance between Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy was created, and the Triple Entente was created between France, Russia, and Great Britain. Although the Triple Entente was not an official alliance, they all maintained a very close understanding, and were viewed by many as a threat. The crises in Morocco and the Balkans had a devastating result because it was one right after the other. The 3rd Balkan crisis led to what most would say was the immediate cause of the war. It was what caused the most damage, possibly only because it was followed soon after the first two. On June 28, 1914, the Black Hand, a Bosnian revolutionary, assassinated the heir to the Austrian throne, Archduke Francis Ferdinand. In retaliation, Austria decided to end the South Slav separatism, and issued an ultimatum. Austrian officials must be allowed to collaborate in the investigation and punishment of the assassinators. Austria, with the support of Germany, then declared war against the Serbs, since they had refused the ultimatum. Then, on August 1, 1914, Germany demanded that Russia’s military mobilization cease, and when Russia refused, Germany declared war. Russia then declared war on France, convinced that it would enter anyway. Germany was devastated when Great Britain entered the war. As one country declared war on another all alliances were brought into the war, and the First World War soon took place, thus, the alliance system  holds the greatest responsibility for the breakout of a world war. However, the alliance system might have never occurred had it not been for nationalism, militarism, and imperialism. Furthermore, the Morocco and Balkan crises did not directly cause the war, but they were used as justification for the war to begin. That’s why, many factors contributed to the formation of the alliance system, which led to tension between enemy countries, and the third Balkan crisis paved the way for the Great War to begin. Western Civilization: Since 1500, Chapters 13-29, Vol. 2 : Jackson J. Spielvogel (Paperback)Wikipedia

Business Plan For A Business

A well written business plan is recommended to begin any new business or new venture creation. The purpose of a business plan is to describe the business in detail for a variety of purposes. The plan can give direction and add vision to the company, such as growth and arket changes. A good business plan can attract new investors and potential partners or employees. It can also help manage the company as a whole. â€Å"A business plan conveys the organizational structure of your business, including titles†¦ A business plan is a written document or a statement that states the goals of the companies and the progress of how the goals are going to be accomplished. Plan of activities includes the why, what and when questions to come up with a solid plan that will turn into a business (Salman, 2008). Plan of activities serves the following purpose: (1) it acts a directive, plan of activities helps in identifying how far you want to take the business and you achievement at the end, (2) business plan gives†¦ .Analyzing a business that you are interesting in opening By analyzing a business that you are thinking about opening helps you in a number of ways (1) it will show you how to reduce your over all cost, how to better service your customers, It shows you how it works and how you can make improvements. It points out risk that you may encounter. It shows the input, output and activities in the company. It helps you to focus on operation process, management process, don 't forget about the S.W.O.T tools†¦ Your business is unique. It requires a business plan that is tailored to achieve your company 's goals. It entails settling on the perfect blend of advertising, marketing, and public relations channels to adequately promote your goods or services. And it calls for strategies for pricing, funding, and expansion that are uniquely designed for its needs. So why acquire a merchant account that is not specific to your business? Today 's merchant services providers can furnish you with equipment, software†¦ In order for a business to be successful, that business has to have a clearly defined business model and plan. Regardless of the type of business, the purpose of a business model is to provide a clear level of insight of an organization’s goals, mission, and strategy and framework of how the business will function to accomplish those goals. As a member-driven trade association, our focus is dedicated to communicating the value of community pharmacies as the face of neighborhood healthcare. This†¦ Business plan: Business plan is just like a written document of business future. This document generally projects business goals, issues may face your business and plans to solve them and outlines the route a company intends to take to grow revenues (Berry, n.d.). Generally a business plan will include components such as descriptions of the company, product or service, market, forecasts, management team, and financial analysis and containing a projected profit and loss statement (MCKEEVER†¦ Entrepreneurs looking to start-up a business need innovative ideas that translate into opportunity. Perpetuated by a vision of a product or service, entrepreneurs look to revolutionize an industry by satisfying unmet consumer demands in the market. Having an innovative product is what powers a business idea forward. Through careful market research and industry analysis, a solid and well-designed business plan is needed to define what your product is and how it will be profitable. The key to generating†¦ have a business plan, no matter how small or how big. Running a business is very hard and requires a lot of details and having ideas, sort of a rough draft. A business plan serves as a road map and attracts capital through loans and investments. You will never know if your business will succeed or not but having a vision of what your business is going to be gives a good chance. The first step in a business plan is being able to write a business description for your business plan. Your business description†¦ a new business requires a lot of planning, making vital financial decisions and conducting a number of legal activities. The demand of a person time may be much greater than anticipated. With careful planning, an individual would be able to work through some of those challenges they will be faced with. In starting a business, there are numerous steps/stages one must go through. Some of those steps includes (1) Business plan, (2) Choosing a business location, (3) Financing your business (4) Registering†¦ you have a marketing and business plan. I believe no business can or will succeed without a Mission, Objective, Budget, and Marketing Plan. I have witness several businesses from a variety of people fail or not succeed because they fail to develop a Marketing and Business Plan. Without the proper preparation for any business or any product they will face higher chances of lacking its full potential. In addition, there are so many other contributing factors to a business not being successful which†¦

Political Economy Of Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Economy Of Japan - Essay Example The rise of Japan, like the phoenix bird from the ashes of total destruction to highly prosperous economy at present is a big surprise to external world. No country was ever able to achieve such rapid progress after such a big humiliation from a war. In fact, Japan has presented the external world another school of economics, the Japan model similar to the Marxist model and Keynesian model. Rixtel has argued that the topic of who is responsible for Japan’s economic progress since the Second World War is highly debatable. While on one side, market schools denied the government’s contributions, on the other side, the government controlled schools argue that Japan’s progress was mainly due to the economic policies of the government. Even though Japan has progressed a lot since the Second World War, its economic progress has slowed down a bit for the last two decades. China and India like Asian countries were progressed a lot and they escaped from the current financi al crisis whereas Japan was not able to do so. This paper is written as a debate with respect to the political economy of Japan during the post-war era. Japan has cleverly adopted a strategy during the post war in which they relied US for their security while concentrating on the economic growth alone. This strategy helped them to reduce their expenditure on defense and helped them to concentrate fully on the rebuilding process of the country. Japan has tried a dual strategy in their foreign policy towards United States which affected them in the long run. At one side they have given US the responsibility of protecting Japan from external threats. On the other side Japan tried to exploit the opportunities in US.

Theories of Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theories of Motivation - Essay Example The fifth level is of self actualization. Self actualization consists of fulfillment of goals and creativity. Need for fulfillment of goals is because one has this, he or she gains the desire to fully realize his or herself and become the best he or she is capable of becoming. the creativity part is needed for one to be creative about something then through this he or she gets dedicated and faces challenges which he or she enjoy and after accomplishing the results, he or she feels very enthusiastic about the deed and this motivates them1. Next is level four of needs which is on self esteem. Under self esteem, there is self respect and acceptance and brain power. Self respect and acceptance is all about prestige, reputation and recognition from others. This contains the desire of wanting to feel important, strong and significant and once one accepts him or herself the way they are, they tend to proud to stand with other people proudly. Brainpower is all about one displaying his or her talents and skills. With this, one gets attention from others which he or she appreciates as well as gaining self confidence2. Level three is on Love and Relationships which is inclusive of communication and response as well as validation. Communication and response is about having the desire to be loved and to love as well as have a sense of affection and belonging. Through this, one is able to communicate his or her inner feelings on love and affection to the party concerned. Validation is about joining various clubs and groups, being able to talk to others, contributing to society, marrying and having a family. With this, one is able to live life fully with family and friends and have a very satisfying life. Level two is family and work. Under this lies a social safety and security and survival skill. Social safety and security is all about the need to be safe from physical and psychological harm in ones daily life. When one is assured of his or her present safety, they will alw ays have trust in a safe future3. Survival skills are about working , saving for the future, improving skills and talents and wanting to be organized world. When one thinks about his or her future he or she gains the motivation to work very hard in life. Level one is all about one’s body. Under the body there is physical safety and survival skills again4. Physical safety and security is all about the need and enthusiasm one has of staying alive. This includes ensuring one has enough food, air and water to survive. About the survival skills it is all about eating, sleeping, taking care of bodily needs and being free from pain. The basis and value of this theory in understanding human motivation is the fact that human beings have lower needs as well that need to be satisfied in order to be whole as humans. â€Å"In this manner, Maslow's model indicates that fundamental, lower-order needs like safety and physiological requirements have to be satisfied in order to pursue higher- level motivators along the lines of self-fulfillment. As depicted in the following hierarchical diagram, sometimes called 'Maslow's Needs Pyramid' or 'Maslow's Needs Triangle', after a need is satisfied it stops acting as a motivator and the next need one rank higher starts to motivate†

Chinese banking system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chinese banking system - Essay Example In the banking sector, Chinese financial system is by and large dominated by the large but underdeveloped banking system, which is mainly controlled by the four largest state-owned banks with a lot of non-performing loans. These state-owned banks will a lot of power by using the money injected into their business from the large foreign currency reserves to give out loans to selective borrowers, in particular, state-owned banks and to selective investment projects. But with the on going privatization in the banking sector, this will permit the entry into the sector of more domestic and foreign banks that will be of great importance since it will stimulate the banking sector and bring in more competitiveness and root out all the NPL.Chinese Financial markets have been characterized by speculation and insider information and have not been very successful in the effective allocation of resources as the banking sector. China has two main financial markets, the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange all established in 1990 and have been growing at a tremendous rate. But these markets have not been working at the rate which can bring in some improvements in the Chinese financial market sector. This is all due to encumbrances and poor regulation at the level of the regulatory environment particularly in the corporate and trading laws, legal protection of investors, and as well as institutions governing the enforcement of contracts that have all been poorly developed.

Reading assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reading - Assignment Example Raustilia and Sprigman discount statistical provisions by proponents of Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and Protect IP Act (PIPA) who are poignant that the US economy forfeits at least 200 billion dollars and 750,000 US job vacancies every year. Raustilia and Sprigman argue that there is no lucidity in these figures, since the job vacancy figures double the number of employees who got enrolled in the filming industry in 2010. Raustilia and Sprigman also quote Tim Lee who argues that it is not unusual for statistics to be punctuated with estimations, double and triple counting. The same duo continues that at times, piracy can substitute for legitimate transactions, and may therefore not be bad. The same also contend that piracy may also trigger the saving of more money, and the economic relevance of increased savings may not be sidestepped (Raustilia and Sprigman, 1). However, on a personal standpoint, the opinions that Raustilia and Sprigman advance seem less plausible, logically and e thically sound, as shall be seen in the discussion that ensue forthwith. In the first place, piracy in itself is a crime, being a form of copyright infringement. This is because, like any other form of piracy, P2P file sharing program infringes copyright laws by copying and distributing a recording company and an artiste’s work without the consent of both. In this light, the Copyright Act of 1909 exists and is in force, even though more strictness is attributed to written work. Conversely, had piracy been attributed as a less injurious crime or as a tolerable and beneficial undertaking as Raustilia and Sprigman opine, then there would be no need of forming institutions and agencies which guard against piracy. Of particular concern is the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) as a powerful lobby group which represents the recording industry and favors stricter laws and heavier punishments for those who pirate music. RIAA is poignant that since 2002, music revenue ha s plummeted by 7% as the sales of CDs receded from 882 million to 803 million units. RIAA is also specific that the information immediately above showed that three times as more CDs were shared via P2P than the CDs that had been bought. It is obvious that this trend must have cost music producers and artistes. Furthermore, Gorski points out that doing away with the provisions and enforcement of Title 17 of Sections 501 and 506 of the United States Code is bound to create a very confused and lawless situation which may override the gains that Raustilia and Sprigman taut as reasons that legitimize music piracy. Title 17 of Sections 501 and 506 of the United States Code states that it is illegal to create copies of another person’s creative work. It is at this point that gives the federal law the mandate to protect artistes from unlawful and unauthorized reproduction, distribution and transmission of copyrighted material. It is against this backdrop that several people and compa nies have in times past been subjected to legal suits because of music piracy through the use of P2P file sharing. The same has also led to five year jail terms and an imposition of fines totaling 250,000 US dollars (Gorski, 161). As if all the above is not enough, the No Electronic Theft Law (NET Act) prescribes copyright violations which

The joy of life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The joy of life - Essay Example The characters in the painting vary from one to the other; the three characters on the foreground were painted using napels yellow-reddish extra colour. There are two obviously female characters in the middle ground, one with a reddish hair and the other a brunette they have a pale skin. On the left side of the paint, there are four characters, one with a yellow skin and the three have an emerald green skin tone. The painting is an elaborate yet brilliant use of an array of different aspects of art, and an intricate application of shadowing; this has the effect of dramatizing the characters in this piece of art. Matisse (1869-1954) is a celebrated and respected artist from Paris who initially began a career in law but eventually transited to art, where he started as an amateur artist and later studied academic painting from various artists in Paris, Australia and London. He also experimented on sculpting, using clay to create certain forms, and printmaking but his most notable contri butions are well known in the art works. Most of his paintings exhibit the character of extravagant and use of bold, bright and vibrant colors, and for this, he was known as â€Å"wild beast†. His bold usage of brilliant colours earned him a place in the list of greatest modern artist of the 20th century. His initial paintings, now mostly in St Petersburg Russia, were mostly inclined to innate subject matter, but his later work bore the inclination of impressionalism. He admired and adored several artists and these included Jean- Baptiste-Simeon Chardin, and he made copies of Chardin’s work. Henri Matisse applied several varied aspects of art in the painting ‘Joy of Life’ to put his message across. One of the most important elements that he applied is the careful use of space, which becomes very evident to the viewer at first glance. He was able to accomplish this through by the different sizes and distances between the subjects in the whole work as some o f the sizes seem entirely inconsistent generating marvelous scene to the viewer as to just how near or far the subjects are in relation to one another. The artist also applies color with creativity by using a very wide range of colors from extremely light to pastel purple with a thin outline of dark blue lines, to deep red landscape, which is in contrast with the pale yellow skin of a woman’s body to create an eye-catching impact on the viewer. Another outstanding element of Matisse’s artwork was the use of line in the whole paining of ‘Joy of Life’ to carefully outline the subjects that are lighter in tone, and to portray a general flow of the painting. The use of smooth, consistent lines in this piece conveyed the creativity of the artist, which greatly influenced the work and was adequately able to capture the exact effect that Matisse intended to show us. Matisse developed this painting out of the impressionists’ movement that was prevalent in t he late 19th century, a derogatory term coined by Louis Leroy in 1972 to refer to a work of art that is unfinished. Matisse’s painting had no sphere or boundary on rules, the painting purely reflected radicalism in light of the growing secularism at that time in France. French political system at that time had an impact on the painting, during that period, French political system was adapting to the secular society, this had an impact on

Rousseau's Idea of Amour-Propre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Rousseau's Idea of Amour-Propre - Essay Example This theoretical research on defining amour-propre would highlight on the causes and consequences of 'self-love' in the light of political philosophy. We would analyse the claim that why amour-propre has been a complex ontological process that negatively undermines community and civic harmony and why it is perceived in quest for honor to be superior to others, particularly in liberal societies. 'Amour propre' and 'amour de soi-meme' are two different works of Rousseau which differ in their nature in which they are presented and their effects and must not be perceived alike (Bertram, 2003, p. 22). Amour-propre is an evil effect of amour de soi-meme (self love) which in itself holds a natural innocence for it is close to nature and inclines every living being to be attracted towards its self-preservation. Self-love in contrast to amour-propre respects humanity and does not consider worldly or materialistic ambitions, thereby producing virtue. Amour propre is the ultimate production of society, ruled by the society, and deceived by the society which governs a set of principles to be established for acquiring the genuine source of honor. On contrary 'self-love' is close to nature, ruled by the nature and appreciated by God and is responsible for bringing the true contentment of the human being. Rousseau's innovative social ontology revolves around the ongoing competition for self-esteem which suggests various dimensions central to understand amour-propre. The first dimension presents before us the reason for social survival that is unalterable to the extent which pressurises the individuals to come together to construct lives with shared understandings and institutions. The cause for social survival has itself causes and consequences, as social existence possess meaning for others in society which in turn reveal important truths about themselves. Truth reveals about the development of self-conscious life which in turn cause the individuals to seek their own identities in the light of worldly materialism which by becoming part of a group compare themselves with other members of the society. Causes for social survival to name a few includes sharing commonalities with other members, competition for self-esteem, motivation by honor and so on. Though Rousseau succeeded in naming the categories of 'self-love' but where he failed to acknowledge the application of 'self-love' was the area of 'self-exploration'. With 'self-exploration' comes 'self-knowledge' and awareness for which Rousseau never denied that he used self-examination as a means to generate universal knowledge, however he portrayed that self-exploration is something deeply related with self-knowledge. One can consider self-knowledge to be one of the major consequence for social existence, where Rousseau often portrayed himself as unable to inspect the true source of knowledge, since when he considered that knowledge is from the self, he never meant to exactly oppose

International Finance Course project Research Paper

International Finance Course project - Research Paper Example Since early 2006, The BOT tried several policies to curb the phenomena but to no avail, and in the end, in December 2006, it introduced this policy. Below is a more detailed discussion of this. After 2004, as access to credit became easier in developed countries due to lower interest rates, investors began to look for opportunities to invest in developing countries where the interest rates were high. As a result, nearly all East Asian countries had high inflows of foreign investment, as did Thailand. While this investment can help in the development of countries, they can be equally discouraging and even disastrous if bulk of these investments are short-term and speculative in nature. The reasons for this are explained below: 1) Local currency appreciation: With more inflow of foreign investments, the local currency tends to appreciate making local exporters less competitive. 2) Large inflows: Large injections of investments in a small economy can cause distortions and even havoc if pulled out suddenly 3) â€Å"Hot money†: If the investments are pulled out suddenly, the economy can crash 4) Asset bubbles: Large investments in one sector can cause unsustainable growth on sector assets (example real estate) 5) Household credit: With inflows, households tend to borrow more leading to high household debt than they can possibly service In 2005 and 2006, Thailand saw unprecedented increase in capital inflows. This is illustrated below in table 1. However, as the FDI component (long term investments) was not in line with all the investments, it was clear that most investments are short-term in nature. Also, according to the Bank of Thailand, a large part of this money was going into currency (Thai Baht - THB) speculation which is illustrated by the continuous appreciation of THB against the US Dollar (USD) as shown in Figure 1. Table 1 Annual Flow of Foreign Investment in Thailand 2003 2004 2005 2006 Current Account 4784 2767 -7852 3240 FDI 4608 4952 7297 9563 Debt securities -827 17 487 -267 Equity securities 583 180 2158 4744 Others (Corporate & government loans + trade credit) -9293 -7232 3042 3758 Total -145 684 5132 21039 Source: FPRI Both 2005 and 2006 saw a huge increase in investments in equity securities, which is typically a short-term investment. While the FDI did register and increase, it was relatively only a small proportion of the total flow of capital. Figure 1 Exchange rate of THB against USD from mid 2005 to December 2006 As seen in figure 1, on the left, the THB was continuously appreciating against the USD from around 42 THB/USD to below 36 THB/USD. This appreciation of the THB meant that the local companies were losing competitiveness. The BOT tried several policies to prevent appreciation of THB, was unable to stem it. The key measures tried were (BOT 19-20) â€Å"Permitting a larger amount of residents’ investments abroad, as well as discouraging short-term capital inflows through raising the total permissib le outstanding balance in the foreign currency deposit (FCD) accounts of corporate residents. On 4 December 2006, the Bank of Thailand implemented measures on short-term capital flows which required non-residents to hold securities for longer than 3 months and allowed domestic financial institutions to borrow baht from non-residents without underlying trades or

Consumer Preference About Different Branded Sports Shoes Essay Example for Free

Consumer Preference About Different Branded Sports Shoes Essay Statement about the problem This project takes a look in various kinds of Merchandising activities, Market Share of different sports shoes and various Sales Promotion schemes, which are followed in the Sports shoes industry. The three major global players i. e. Reebok, Nike, and Adidas dominate the sports shoes industry in India. India is one of few battlegrounds in the world where there is neck-to-neck competition between the three. The companies claim to be in number one sport coating the data produced by two different marketing research companies. In the 1980s, Adidas sneakers became popular amongst teenagers and young men. The Adidas sneaker was popularized by the Run DMC song My Adidas and became a huge fashion trend. The Tapie affair the history of the company as presented by its official web site is incomplete, perhaps because it is indirectly linked to financial scandals. After a period of serious trouble. The death of Adolf Dasslers son Horst Dassler in 1987, the company was bought in 1990 by Bernard Tapie, for 1. 6 billion French francs ($320 million), which Tapie borrowed. Tapie was at the time a famous specialist of rescuing bankrupt companies, a business on which he built his fortune. Nike is the worlds #1 manufacturer and marketer of athletic footwear and apparel. Almost out of the blue, the company established itself as one of the worlds most familiar brands during the 1980s and 1990s. As familiar as a Coke bottle or Big Mac, the Nike swoosh logo came to symbolize not just sports culture, but street culture, as the appeal of the star players who endorsed the brand was carried onto city streets. The approach of the new century set Nike new problems. Trainers went (briefly) out of fashion, economic slowdown and labor problems hit Asian performance. But the group has bounced back, retaining its iron grip on the sporting apparel sector and still undisputed leader in sports-oriented street wear. Reebok is the worlds third-largest maker of sneakers, athletic shoes and sports apparel. Goods are sold under the brands Reebok, Rockport and Greg Norman Collection.

Paper chromatography Essay Example for Free

Paper chromatography Essay Aim : to separate and identify of the pigments in leaves by paper chromatography Principle of design: In this experiment, a strip of filter paper containing a small spot of concentrated chlorophyll pigment is dipped in a mixture of developing solvent, the pigments was carried up the strip as the solvents move up. Since the solvents moved at different rates and pigments had different solubilities in them, the pigments gradually become separated. When the solvent was near the top of the paper, the paper was removed. After that, Rf (Relative front) for that substance were calculated. In this experiment, Rf values were used to identify the different substances present in the leaf extract mixture. Instructions: 1. 3 leaves of spinach were ground in pestle and mortar by 2 cm3 of extraction solvent 2. the developing solvent was added into the boiling tube and it just touched the lower edge of the paper strip. 3. The tube was kept stopper to allow it to saturate with the solvent vapour 4. Both sides of paper strip were trimmed to make sure that the sides of paper strip didnt touch the sides of the boiling tube 5. A light pencil line was ruled 20mm from the lower edge of paper strip 6. A capillary tube was dipped into the extract and a small drop of the extract was put in the middle of the starting line. When it was dried, another drop was added and adding was continued until the spot was quite dark. The spot was kept as small as possible. 7. One end of the strip was folded at 90 so that when the paper strip was suspended with a pin from the stopper, the opposite end would just dip into the surface of the solvent. 8. The chromatogram was allowed to develop until the solvent front is 2 cm from the upper edge of paper strip. 9. The paper strip was taken out and a light pencil line was ruled to mark the solvent front. 10. The pigment patches were circled immediately with a pencil. 11. The Rf values for the different pigments in the leaf extract were calculated. Results: The distance that the solvent travels = 9.3cm Rf of the top yellow spot = 8.9/ 9.3 = 0.96cm Rf of the middle orange spot = 6.8/ 9.3 = 0.73cm Rf of the bottom bright green spot = 5.7/9.3 = 0.61cm Rf of the lowest green spot = 4.4/9.3 = 0.47cm Therefore the top yellow spot is carotene pigment, the middle orange spot is xanthophyll pigment, the bottom bright green spot is chlorophyll a pigment, and the lowest green spot is chlorophyll b pigment. Discussion: Chromatography is an effective method of separating the solutes in a solution. Paper chromatography is the process we used to separate various chemicals found in the pigment, in the case is chlorophyll. The four pigments that being separated were chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll II, and carotene. These pigments were each separated at a different point on the paper. This is because of few different factors. First, each pigments has a different mass, and therefore are heavier and cannot travel up the paper as far, or as quickly. In this experiment, the heaviest pigment is chlorophyll b as it is the lowest, and the lightest pigment is carotene as it is the top of all pigments. The second factor was the solubility of the pigment. The least soluble pigment should travel up the shortest distance, and the most soluble pigment should travel up the longest distance. In this experiment, the least soluble pigment was chlorophyll b, and the most soluble one was carotene. The third factor was adsorption, that is the ability to attract other substances strongly and hold on their surface. The pigment with the greatest adsorption ability traveled up the shortest distance, and the pigment with the weakest adsorption ability traveled up the longest distance. In this experiment, carotene had the weakest adsorption ability, and chlorophyll b had the greatest adsorption ability. The strip of filter paper should be freely suspended in the test tube, this is because the movement of the pigment on the paper in contact or near the glass would cause the particles to be attracted to the side such that net charge of the force would be towards the side. The test tube must be stoppered. This is to produce a saturated atmosphere in the test tube. Also, it was to prevent the evaporation of the solvent, which is toxic. Conclusion: There were four pigments being separated from chlorophyll, they were chlorophyll b, which is the least soluble, heaviest and have the greatest ability of adsorption, chlorophyll a, xanthophyll II and carotene, which is the most soluble, lightest and have the weakest ability of adsorption.

Information Of Wijaya Group Of Companies Information Technology Essay

Information Of Wijaya Group Of Companies Information Technology Essay The Wijaya Group Of Companies was established in 1977 with a limited number of employees to conduct the business. It has a history of over 3 decades today, and has created employment opportunities for nearly 1200 employees. The Chairman of Wijaya Group of Companies, Mr. K.R.G. Wijesundara came out with the initial idea of establishing this company with regard to apparel industry 30 yrs ago. As the owner of the company Mr. Wijesundara has faced a lot of challenges in directing the company to achieve its prime targets due to the continues changes in the external environmental factors which aroused from the newly introduced open economic trading policies to Sri Lanka at that time. The demand factors in the apparel industry changed completely and created many niche markets during this era, forcing Mr. Wijesundara to introduce many strategies and tactics in order to face these challenges and direct his employees continuously. Due to the correct controlling measures adopted, he was able to motivate his employees and carry out a friendly environment within the organization leaving a space for the employees to complete their individual tasks effectively and efficiently. The Wijaya Group of Companies was able to expand its core business to many new areas in the industry within a very shorter period of time due to the collective efforts by the employees of all categories starting from the top management to bottom level. Among its customers The Wijaya Group of Company, is well known as C.I.B Shopping Center today, and it provides many products under single roof, starting from imported as well as locally manufactured garments to other important house hold items. The prime target of this company is to invest in new business ventures and expand it locally as well as internationally, and as a result of this the management soon came up with the idea of specializing in some sectors and opened up special outlets for Sarees which was named as Wijaya Saree Mandhir. By the end of this year the Wijaya Group Of Companies, holds 22 branches in Sri Lanaka, and conducts its business based on a Divisional Structure headed by five separate Regional Managers from region s such as Western Province, Sabaragamuwa Province, North Western Province, North Central Province, and Central Province. This company has currently employed 21 branch managers, to direct the activities all around its branches. THE VISSION AND MISSION OF WIJAYA GROUP OF COMPANIES THE HIERARCHIAL STRUCTURE OF WIJAYA GROUP OF COMPANIES THE PROBMLEM IDENTIFIED THE ABSENCE OF ONLINE SELLING The Wijaya Group Of Companies currently holds the ownership of 22 outlets which includes Shopping Centers as well as special outlets for Sarees and Tailoring. As the management always tends to expand its operations in different sectors, today they are in brink of introducing its products to the global market. The C.I.B shopping centers have a wider variety of products ranging from garments to household items and today it holds a strong portion of loyal customers that shop in these centers regularly. At present the management of Wijaya Group of Company, is working hard on increasing the customer base they are holding currently, and the most common methods in use are the various marketing tactics which varies from Price differences to different Bonus Offers, through such measures the management has been able to attract customers continuously. But despite all this, our team was able to identify a problem which was a major drawback in this company, and that is the Absence of Online Selling Today we live in a highly globalized world, where each in every individual and a country is interconnected via Internet and as a result of this, selling tactics used by most of the organizations are moving towards a more web based structure. The marketing strategies used by most of these organizations are diverted to meet this new trend in order to achieve the competitive advantage over their competitors. Profit maximization is considered as a prime target in most of the organizations today, and in order to achieve this it is vital to approach a customer before the competitor, and provide updated information to them. A company can easily achieve this through online selling, where a complex procedure like selling can be done by a single click on the screen, rather than meeting different retailers, distributors etc.. providing many advantages to the customer as well as the company itself. Literature Review Internet Electronic Commerce The Internet The Internet is a vast public web of computer networks, which connects users of all types all around the world to each other and to an amazingly large information repository. It is been hailed as the new technology behind the New Economy. It allows anytime, anywhere connections to information, entertainment and communication. At present many companies use the Internet to build close relationships with customers, and marketing partners. Beyond competing in traditional market places, they now have access to exciting new market spaces. The Internet may help a business in the following methods. 1. Virtual storefront Sells physical products directly to consumers or to individual businesses. Example: Amazon.com 2. Information broker Provides product, pricing, and availability information to individuals and businesses and generates revenue from advertising or from directing buyers to sellers. Example: Edmunds.com, Kbb.com 3. Transaction broker Saves users money and time by processing online sales transactions, generating a fee each time a transaction occurs. Also provides information on rates and terms. Example: Expedia.com 4. Online marketplace Provides a digital environment where buyers and sellers can meet, search for products, display products, and establish prices for those products. It could provide online auctions or reverse auctions where buyers submit bids to multiple sellers to purchase at a buyer specified price as well as negotiate to fix pricing. Example: eBay.com, Priceline.com 5. Content Provider Creates revenue by providing digital content such as digital news, music, photos, or video, over the Web. The customer may to access the content. or revenue may be generated by selling advertising space. Example: CNN.com, TheStreet.com 6. Online service provider Provide online service for individuals and businesses and generates revenue from subscription or transaction fees, from advertising, or from collecting marketing information from users. Example: salesforce.com 7. Virtual community Provides online meeting place where people with similar interests can communicate and find useful information. Example: Fortunecity.com 8. Portal Provides initial point of entry to the Web along with specialized content and other services. Example: Yahoo.com, MSN.com Electronic Commerce Electronic commerce which is also known as e-commerce is a form of doing business via internet. It can be also known as the buying and selling processes supported by electronic means, primarily the internet. E-commerce includes e-marketing and e-purchasing. Ecommerce benefits both buyers and sellers in many ways such as ; it could be convenient, buying can be easy and private, it could provide greater product access to buyers, online buying and selling could be more interactive and immediate, it could be used as a tool for building good customer relationships, from the sellers point it could reduce costs, increase speed and efficiency, and also it could be more flexible way of conducting business. IT Based Solution Starting an online selling operation Implementation Issues Starting an Online Selling Operation The Wijaya Group Of Companies is a medium sized chain, which conducts its business as shopping centers and saree centers in five different provinces in Sri Lanka, and concentrates mainly in the apparel sector today, by providing imported as well as in house garments to varies levels of categories. Currently it uses traditional methods in selling operations and has not adopted itself to the latest method of selling, which is done through internet. Starting an online selling operation system and getting involved in e-commerce would benefit the company in many ways with the present days rapidly changing business world. Since Wijaya Group of Companies holds 22 outlets, they could build up an intranet which is an internal network based on Internet and World Wide Web technology standards. All the shopping centers therefore could be linked to one another. This system will help the chain to communicate and keep track of their stocks. Wijaya Group Of Companies could also develop an extranet, which is a private intranet that is accessible to authorized outsiders such as suppliers of the company. Suppliers could communicate with the company via extranet and supply products when needed and each shopping center may place orders when they reach a re-order level. This company could have their own lease line to keep connected to their most important suppliers. This company may start off their online selling procedure by launching their own Web site. This web site may include information about the chain, their products, and their branches, how to purchase a product online, payments, making orders, checking on new products, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. They could use banner ads which are graphic displays on web pages used for advertising and the banner should be linked on to the company web site so that the person clicking on the banner will be transported to the company web site immediately. They could develop a portal which is a web site or other service that provides an initial point of entry to the web pr to internal company data. This portal could provide its viewers with a directory of information on the internet along with news, telephone directories, maps, shopping and other services. They could also develop their own internal portals to provide employees with streamlined access to corporate information resources. CostWijaya Group Of companies will be able to sell their products directly to retail customers via internet, by passing intermediaries such as distributors or retail outlets. The purchase transaction costs could be reduced in great numbers by eliminating intermediaries in the distribution channel (disintermediation). The company could also reinforce re intermediation by shifting the intermediary role in a value chain to a new source. The benefits of disintermediation to the consumer are illustrated below. Rs.128 Rs.120 Rs.100 As this processes show, the selling operation of the company could be changed into a much simpler process if the company adopts the online selling method, by reducing the extra responsibilities of retail outlets and distributors which will help to cut down the costs. The company can use interactive features of web pages to hold consumers attention or to capture detailed information about their tastes and interests. The company web site can be a bountiful source of detailed information about customer behavior, preferences, needs, and buying patterns and the company can use this information to tailor promotions, products, services and pricing. The web site of the company could also obtain customer information by asking visitors to register online and provide information about them. These information along with the consumers previous purchases could be recorded in the company web site and the next time the same consumer logs in, the web page could greet him/her by his/her name (ex: Welcome Peter) and provide the consumer with products similar to the previous purchases. This system will motivate the consumer to purchase products more often from C.I.B shopping centers and will help build strong customer relationships. Communications and product offerings can be tailored precisely to individual customers. Wijaya Group of Companies can create a unique personalized web page which is also known as web personalization that displays content or ads for products of special interest to each user. Apart from these, they can develop their electronic payment systems and receive payments online, and could create blogs to gather customer suggestions, they could even use their web site and e-mail to customer questions and provide customers with helpful information. The web site may also have link such as push to talk for instance where visitors could click on and request for a phone call in case of any inquiry and the company should have a call center connected with this link to provide this service. STEPS TO CRATE AN ONLINE STOREFRONT SHOPPING CART PROGRAMME MERCHANT ACCOUNT (BANK) PAYEMENT GATEWAY E-COMMERCE WEB SITE SHOPPER The above picture shows the process of online selling. The procedure of online selling statrs with the creation of a website of the company and ends with a transaction which is done via credit cards. Get Signed Up with the Best Wholesale Distributors If a company plans to expand its operations to online, it is important to search for the best wholesale distributors, drop-shippers and sign up with them. In this case it is vital for Wijaya Group Of Companies, to complete this task first inorder to run the online selling process smoothly. These wholesale distributors offer the lowest wholesale prices around and drop-ship the products directly to the customers location with the name of the business on the box, so that it will appear to your customer as if the package came from the oraganization itself. This will be a brilliant concept for Wijaya Group of Companies as it will help to increase the loyality of customers towards their products. Build Up the Online Storefront Creating a website is the next major step in this,the company will have to create and register their own unique domain name. (eg : www.cib-shop.com). The company has to choose a reliable web hosting provider as well. After selecting the unique domain name,it is important to create and design a professional and profitable Internet Storefront that will entice visitors to buy the products on their first visit. Select a suitable E-Commerce Software It is important to select software that suits the needs of the company. Through this Wijaya Group Of Companies will be able to take and process orders. Recommended Software : Product Cart Software Select a suitable way to collect Payments A sophisticated payment method is a must in online selling. Most of the organizations accept the credit card system today as it simplifies the transaction to the customer as well as the company. Wijaya Group of Companies can select the system as it fits, and some of the methods used by other organizations are: Real time Credit Card Processing through a number of supported payment gateways, Offline Credit Card Processing (eg : A company can use their POS if they have retail stores), Checks, Purchase order, PayPal, Google Checkout etc.. Key Facts in Online Selling Choosing the Right Niche This is a vital factor in online selling. The products a company plans to sell through online has a greater impact on the final value of sales, and this could be only achieved by selecting the exact niche market. Even after selecting the correct niche market if a company fails to deliver the updated information through working hard and introducing new features to their site in a daily basis still a company will fail to meet the targets set by the management. The Wijaya Group Of Companies will have to consider this matter seriously, if they want to achieve competitive advantage over their competitors. They must be in a position to update information of the new products immediately to the site and present it to the customers creatively. In the physical world, niches are based on geography, but Geography is almost irrelevant on the Internet. So it is important for Wijaya Group to choose a niche small enough that they can dominate and maintain it through constant updates. High Production Value In a print catalog, production values refers to the quality of the paper and printing processes used, the number and quality of images, and the care taken with graphic design. High production values are critically important in catalogs, which have to convince consumers to buy based on a few sheets of paper. Production values are even more important on the Web. Consumers will not buy from an amateurish Web site. Most of the people who visit a site will still find the idea of ordering online unusual as it requires a number of special facilities. The management of this company will have to concentrate on this matter, because the site created by them needs to inspire visitors with confidence. It should say that it is a kind of company that does things right, and that if a customer order something from there, it will be a good experience for them. Promoting the Site Having a great Web site is not enough. The success of it, relies on how far the site is capable of bringing in people to it. But promoting an online store is different from promoting an ordinary Web site, because through an online store a company targets to sell its products. Earlier the only answer available for promoting a site was through a Search Engine that provides space for all kinds of products. But recently Internet Hubs like Yahoo! And MSN have created areas just for shopping, giving more prominence to frequently requested products. If a company plans to advertise its products and sell those before its competitors, it is important to make sure that the site created by the company appears in the first place as soon as the customer request for similar sites. A company can achieve this by using the key words which relates to the products frequently, as it creates a greater chance for the search engines to filter it out. So it is important for the management of the Wijaya Group of Companies to look in to this fact and create a site which can be easily filtered by the search engines. It is important to use these key words (eg : the word clothes) in a natural manner and give out the relevant information to the customer, without irritating them by using it repeatedly in each and every sentence and phrase. Emphasize the Services Online selling is becoming popular in a slow pace in Sri Lanka, and the number of uses who make use of this facility keeps on increasing in a daily basis today. As it is in the verge of growth most of the people who visit a store will still find the idea of buying online a little strange, so it is important to reassure these customers. The most powerful confidence builder is a top-quality site: high production values go to work directly on the visitors subconscious. But its also important to reassure visitors explicitly. It is important for a company to ensure the security level of their site and the transactions done, as it will have a great impact on the buying patterns of a customer, and if a company is capable of providing the required level of security, they have to highlight it and mention it to the customer clearly, and this can be considered as an emphasizing of a service provided by the company. Advantages and Disadvantages in Online selling Advantages Online shopping malls give an immediate online presence. Sector-specific malls can provide an effective route to your target market. Theyre easy to set up for people with moderate IT skills. You dont need to go through the process of setting up an  Internet  merchant account. You often get help and support in getting your store operational. Updating your subscribers can be done almost instantly through email. Visitors to your website can get up to the minute information on each visit. If you are having a sale, your customers can start shopping at the discounted prices literally as soon as they open their email. The cost of spreading your message is next to nothing. Emailing your subscription base is more often cheaper than sending a letter through the mail. Disadvantages The online selling operation would definitely benefit the company in many ways when comparing with the traditional method which is followed at present. But introducing the new technology to the company may be very costly from the companys point of view in terms of equipment, staff, buildings, maintenance cost, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. It may be very risky and the results would be unpredictable. Going online and selling online will require more professional and technical staff and since the system will eliminate paper work, a great number of employees will have to be terminated from their jobs. Incase the system fails the company will have to face the probability of losing its existing customers. Online selling operations require a special online payment scheme. These Payment Schemes have a greater risk of getting hacked, so the customers will be reluctant to give their credit card information and avoid this method of online selling. There is a lot of competition for the products introduced by an organization. By the time your customer finds you, they have tried out other links. Unless they can find what they are looking for quickly, they are gone. Recommendations The Wijaya Group of Companies should not directly stop conducting its business in the traditional method instead they should practice a parallel strategy where both the systems should be conducted. The company should adopt its web site according to the changing environment and not just stick to the basics of a web site ( ex: add more links) The company could develop a corporate intranet for the key departments in the business. ( ex: Finance and accounting, Human resources, Manufacturing and production, Sales and marketing) In order to attract the customers it is important to update the information available frequently.

Hurricane Floyd :: essays research papers

A hurricane is easily the most powerful storm that mother-nature can throw at us. Every year people who live on the coasts fight hurricanes with no dismay. A hurricane is simply too strong. Their winds reach speeds of 75 mph. The winds around the eye wall can reach 130 to 150 mph. They are 200 to 300 miles in diameter. The number of casualties is endless, as well as the widespread destruction that takes millions of dollars to repair. Even if the hurricane doesn’t cause a lot of damage, the storm surge will. Storm surge is the great tidal waves that crash into our coasts and make huge floods that are caused by hurricanes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hurricanes are extremely large area’s of low pressure that are over the ocean in either the North Atlantic ocean, or the eastern North Pacific Ocean. If a hurricane is in the western Pacific Ocean than it is called a typhoon. One in the Indian Ocean is called a cyclone. The danger region of a hurricane is normally in the Gulf of Mexico or the Atlantic Ocean. The hurricane season is the six month time period from June-November. The peak month of hurricanes is September.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hurricanes form over the ocean. Easterly waves, what hurricanes develop from, are long, narrow regions of low pressure which occur in ocean winds called trade winds. At first, these easterly waves can grow into something called, a tropical depression. A tropical depression occurs when winds are up to 31 mph. Then tropical depressions can be upgraded into a tropical storm if the winds reach speeds of 74 mph or less. Then finally a the storm can be bumped up into a hurricane if the winds reach 75 mph.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The National Weather Service is constantly trying to provide us with data and other information about when and where hurricanes are forming. It has been said that the only way to reduce the number of fatalities in serious storms is to give people more warning time for them to go to a safer place. Many times in hurricanes people are told to evacuate there city or state. The more time that people have to do this the more that people will do this. Throughout the entire hurricane season meteorologists keep a close watch on the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. They examine pictures of the area taken by satellites, and also take information on air pressure, wind speed, and temperatures.

Understanding Themewriting and Someones Pain :: Communication Language Essays

Understanding Themewriting and Someone's Pain Trying to break free from the hold that themewriting has on me is getting to be hard. I never knew that it had such a grip. What is especially difficult is that I need to break free from its grip for this class but yet it is pretty much demanded for the psychology research articles that I am writing. I find that it's difficult to juggle both trying to break free and trying to hold on because of another class. Where does a person incorporate both themewriting and non-themewriting or can a person even think of such a thing? But then to say that I cannot, or possibly have to, incorporate both gives me a rule that I have to follow and wouldn't that constitute themewriting once again? And aren't we supposed to be breaking free of the rules that we have to follow for writing? Themewriting has become so complex to me that I have yet to come up with a definition of what themewriting is. It seems to me that for a person to say "we need to break free of themewriting" or "we need to learn to not write like that" would give me rules to follow in my writing which would constitute themewriting. It's almost like the professor who, on the first day of class, wrote "the is no absolute truth" on the blackboard. The statement itself becomes an absolute truth. I understand how it feels to not be able to write down the feelings that I have. To not be able to express the feeling that I have in words. That may be a result of themewriting, I don't know. When I was in high school I used to write poems, not very good ones I must admit, but none the less, I was able to put my feelings down on paper. But after high school, I lost it or it got replaced by what has come to be called themewriting. All I know is that writing the poems that I once did is difficult to do and I seldom do it. Can I blame that on my high school teachers? When they told me how to write and what to write? Or must the blame fall on me? Or is there no one to blame? I've been reading much about voice. I've read that we shouldn't stereotype, or look for the gender of, the author. Understanding Themewriting and Someone's Pain :: Communication Language Essays Understanding Themewriting and Someone's Pain Trying to break free from the hold that themewriting has on me is getting to be hard. I never knew that it had such a grip. What is especially difficult is that I need to break free from its grip for this class but yet it is pretty much demanded for the psychology research articles that I am writing. I find that it's difficult to juggle both trying to break free and trying to hold on because of another class. Where does a person incorporate both themewriting and non-themewriting or can a person even think of such a thing? But then to say that I cannot, or possibly have to, incorporate both gives me a rule that I have to follow and wouldn't that constitute themewriting once again? And aren't we supposed to be breaking free of the rules that we have to follow for writing? Themewriting has become so complex to me that I have yet to come up with a definition of what themewriting is. It seems to me that for a person to say "we need to break free of themewriting" or "we need to learn to not write like that" would give me rules to follow in my writing which would constitute themewriting. It's almost like the professor who, on the first day of class, wrote "the is no absolute truth" on the blackboard. The statement itself becomes an absolute truth. I understand how it feels to not be able to write down the feelings that I have. To not be able to express the feeling that I have in words. That may be a result of themewriting, I don't know. When I was in high school I used to write poems, not very good ones I must admit, but none the less, I was able to put my feelings down on paper. But after high school, I lost it or it got replaced by what has come to be called themewriting. All I know is that writing the poems that I once did is difficult to do and I seldom do it. Can I blame that on my high school teachers? When they told me how to write and what to write? Or must the blame fall on me? Or is there no one to blame? I've been reading much about voice. I've read that we shouldn't stereotype, or look for the gender of, the author.

The Role of Genetic Engineering in our Society Essay -- Technology Sci

The Role of Genetic Engineering in our Society With today's technology in genetic engineering, it seems we can almost play God. Scientifically speaking, are we enabling our bodies to survive all the traumas of a hostile environment, or are we endangering future generations to a limiting gene pool? Spiritually speaking, are we improving our bodies to save more of God's people, or are we attempting to "perfect" God's creation, and damning ourselves? The technology of genetic engineering is advancing at a dizzying pace, but is the morality at which we guide our use of this technology evolving quickly enough? The potentials of modifying our genes seem irresistible. Everything from cystic fibrosis to AIDS seems to be preventable, and we could possibly design our children to be healthier in the future. But nature always finds a way to elude our defense mechanisms. As polio seemed to fade from our world, AIDS became the new terror. We are one step from protecting ourselves from this immune system destroyer, but then, who knows what nature will strike us down with next? We must also confront the question of our faith. It is easy to justify improving our genes to save the lives of fellow human beings. How can we let a person grow up knowing s/he is going to suffer from epileptic seizures when we could have prevented it at birth? Wouldn't God want us to help these people? On the other hand, would we know when to stop? It is only logical that with our ability to prevent the harmful effects of debilitating genes, we will be able to improve on already satisfactory genes. Why should one settle for an average body, when one could have a strong, toned physique? Is that what God would want? Are we prepared to say what is okay to change ... ...n, Jack Albrecht, Rebecca Lawrence, and Brian Guerra. "Hooray for Genetic Engineering." Http://www.cwrl.utexas./genetics/benefits.html. December 18, 1996. O'Brien, Stephen J., and Michael Dean. "In Search of AIDS-Resistance Genes." Scientific American. September 1997: 44-51. Pool, Robert. "Portrait of a Gene Guy." Discover. October 1997: 50-55. Varmus, Harold. "Genetics: The Ethical Problem With Knowledge." Vital Speeches of Our Time. February 5, 1996: 334-337. Wright, Richard T. Biology: Through the Eyes of Faith. San Francisco: Harper Collins Publishers, 1989. Other Helpful Sources Marshal, Elliot. "Whose Genome is it Anyway?" Science. Vol. 273. September 27, 1996: 1788, 1789. Marshal, Elliot. "The Genome Program's Conscience." Science. Vol. 274. October 4, 1996: 488, 489. Niccol, Andrew, Director/Screenplay. GATTACA. Columbia Pictures: 1997.

Medieval European Sports

Sports in the Middle Ages The sports of medieval Europe were less-well-organized than those of classical antiquity. Fairs and seasonal festivals were occasions for men to lift stones or sacks of grain and for women to run smock races (for a smock, not in one). The favourite sport of the peasantry was folk football, a wild no-holds-barred unbounded game that pitted married men against bachelors or one village against another.The violence of the game, which survived in Britain and in France until the late 19th century, prompted Renaissance humanists, such as Sir Thomas Elyot, to condemn it as more likely to maim than to benefit the participants. The nascent bourgeoisie of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance amused itself with archery matches, some of which were arranged months in advance and staged with considerable fanfare. When town met town in a challenge of skill, the companies of crossbowmen and longbowmen marched behind the symbols of St.George, St. Sebastian, and other patrons o f the sport. It was not unusual for contests in running, jumping, cudgeling, and wrestling to be offered for the lower classes who attended the match as spectators. Grand feasts were part of the program, and drunkenness commonly added to the revelry. In Germanic areas a Pritschenkoenig was supposed to simultaneously keep order and entertain the crowd with clever verses. The burghers of medieval towns were welcome to watch the aristocracy at play, but they were not allowed to participate in tournaments or even, in most parts of Europe, to compete in imitative tournaments of their own. Tournaments were the jealously guarded prerogative of the medieval knight and were, along with hunting and hawking, his favourite pastime. At the tilt, in which mounted knights with lances tried to unhorse one another, the knight was practicing the art of war, his raison d’etre.He displayed his prowess before lords, ladies, and commoners and profited not only from valuable prizes but also from ra nsoms exacted from the losers. Between the 12th and the 16th century, the dangerously wild free-for-all of the early tournament evolved into dramatic presentations of courtly life in which elaborate pageantry and allegorical display quite overshadowed the frequently inept jousting. Some danger remained even amid the display. At one of the last great tournaments, in 1559, Henry II of France was mortally wounded by a splintered lance.Peasant women participated freely in the ball games and footraces of medieval times, and aristocratic ladies hunted and kept falcons, but middle-class women contented themselves with spectatorship. Even so, they were more active than their contemporaries in Heian Japan during the 8th to 12th centuries. Encumbered by many-layered robes and sequestered in their homes, the Japanese ladies were unable to do more than peep from behind their screens at the courtiers’ mounted archery contests

Investment and Risk Tolerance Essay

Question 1 How do the c formerlypts of appearanceal finance create opportunities for HelloW allet?The on-line(prenominal) fiscal advising sites such as HelloWallet as well as its competitors, such as Mint.com and Yodlee, put forward compute and realistic fiscal advising operate establish purely on user commit transactions and disbursement category. The HelloWallet formation allows the user to create and chase aft(prenominal)wards customized budget plan. What is often important is that the establishment nookie automatically go forth m whizztary advice and deliver tips by victimization learning mining techniques.However, HelloWallet and its competitors do not provide either monetary analysis and rating based on user bearing and their psychographic characteristics, such as user person-to-personity, cheers, attitudes, interests and endangerment gross profit in terms of allow foringness. These psychographic classifications argon extremely relevant with rega rds to soul dodge and bump tolerance. Even with the similar bank transactions data and disbursement category, an investor background, past(a) experience, individualizedity and attitudes whoremonger make investing process unique for severally someone. With the military service of behavior finance theory, HelloWallet can pull in organisation to fit psychographic profiles to specific behavioural investor profile. As a result, a let on earning of user behavioral tendencies of spend and investment go away benefactor to provide better fiscal advice.An free and prompt way is to physique online questionnaire to fit apiece individual into divers(prenominal) behavioral investor fictitious characters. thither argon several models we can use, Barnewall bipartite model, Bailard, Biehl, and Kariser Five model and Pompian model. We use Pompian models as an example. The major reason for promoting Pompian is be motion it is less(prenominal) time-consuming and less complex. Therefore, it go forth be uncomplicated to be implemented on an online establishment and command less time worn-out(a) on convergeing out the adopt (as we pointed out in challenge, it is not an easy t ingest to ask online user to fill out survey with a divvy up of details).Pompian model identifies four behavioral investor types based on risk tolerance and dynamic/ hands-off scale passive flotation device, favourable follower, independent individualist and active accumulator. It is a top strike down turn up which is much efficient and simple by categorizing users into passive and active, then further break down into four types based on their risk tolerance. With these education, the user of HelloWallet lead be categorised based on their investment/ expending behavior type. Based on these antithetic types, the governance can easily provide much tailored investment tips and products to users. For example, once a user behavior type is place, the system can provide s aving and investment tips accordingly.For example, when a user is identified to be a passive preserver whose risk tolerance is low and emotional, the system provides low risk fiscal products (excluding senior high school risk ones), e.g., 2-year GICs. In addition, the system can try to persuade the soundness of these financial by focusing on elaborate the goal of these investment (what the terminate value go away be and what type of investors these investments for). If investor trammel a long term income need, the system can provide financial products on bond index fit their spending goal (contrary to the current systems which spam non-relevant financial products to all the users without differentiate their take and risk).With the make of the behavior investor/user types into the systems, HelloWallet can impart their financial advising service from purely creating budget plan and providing saving tips to a more sophisticated investment approach that fits each individual unique needs and background. For example, HelloWallet is currently able to recommend a node to apply for a visa with $ d strong bullion points per year because excessive spending on grocery and large cash deposit 10,000 in the checking account. With the new behavior investor model, it can recommend the resembling individual to invest short term g out of date markets products if his risk tolerance is low and require short term liquidity (with a list of the products from different dealer) or it can recommend user to buy law income mutual fund if their risk tolerance is high and has no need for the cash for the near term.Another advantage and opportunity for the HelloWallet is that behavior finance is a relatively new concept and handed-down financial advisor feel uncomfortable to ask customer these psychological questions face to face. It is much easier for the user to interact with a figurer to fill out the questionnaire. This will help to collect more accurate information to bui ld solid virtual financial advisor-guest relations which also benefit the HelloWallet agate line in the long term as clients be tend to have to the same advisor(in our case a virtual financial advisor HelloWallet) if she/he understands clients needs better.Question 2 How do the concepts of behavioral finance create challenges for HelloWallet?HelloWallets system creates customized budget plans for the users based on traditional finance and on trend analysis. This poses a challenge to HelloWallet because they do not corporate the behavioral aspects of their clients. This will principal to creating recommendations that are not sheathable to all their clients. some(prenominal) models take been developed over the eld to incorporate behavioral finance traits in the clients portfolios. There are four different models that attempt to beg off the behavior of individuals and their implications on portfolio construction The enjoyment and Savings Model, the Behavioral Asset price Mo del, the Behavioral Portfolio Theory and finally the accommodative merchandises Hypothesis.Empirical studies show that some investors edge cordial accounting where they separate their investments in different accounts in their heads and assign them to different expenses, forgetting to look at them as one portfolio. In this instance this will cause a part of HelloWallets bulls eye market to refrain from using their bundle due to this behavioral trait. Clients that have sorrow aversion and have been keeping from mental accounting will be to a fault scared to adopt HelloWallets service out of fear of realizing that they are in financial distress. Those clients do not have a serious desire and cockiness to engage in an assessment of their personal financial health in that respectfore it will limit HelloWallets penetration of this market. This intertwines with cognitive dissonance, where mint avoid facing financial reality. Statistics show that a vast absolute majority of p eople suffers from that. People feel rawness from receiving information that contradicts beliefs that are entrenched in their personalities. Therefore, not wanting to face the psyche that things may not be ok is a huge barrier for the sufferance of HelloWallet by customers.Naturally humans are prone to resistance to change. They are programmed to gentle in their comfort zone and stick to what they are familiar with. Having to take advice from a computer might not be something easily accepted. Moreover, regard to HelloWallet model, clients should incorporate all of their accounts including their assets and liabilities and update them if needed. This process could be a barrier for people suffering for stipulation quo persuade. In fact, this bias is an emotional bias in which people tend to do nothing instead of making change. This will affect Hellowallet in two ways. for the first time it will prevent people from registering, as they will prefer sticking with their old tradition al way of managing their finance. Secondly, it will lop the ability of the company model, as people will update their data less frequently making inaccurate any outcome from model of HelloWallet.The way HelloWallet collects clients information is via its packet online. Users input their answers to HelloWallets questionnaire after which they will be categorized and presumptuousness a budget plan. However individual circumstances change over time, and sometimes change abruptly. As the client moves crosswise his life stages his information should be updated and changed accordingly, tho this is not the case. Therefore HelloWallet might suffer from information processing bias cognise as Anchoring & Ad neverthelessment Bias. This will lead to the clients results being anchored to assumptions and information that does not nurse true anymore.In fact, the Adaptive Market Hypothesis states that adapting is actually necessary for endurance thus, changes need to be applied to the softwa re occasionally to improve chances of act asing clients goals. Anchoring and adaptation bias will make it more difficult for clients to adapt. If the users have a cock-a-hoop experience due to this bias, HelloWallet will head start losing business to its competitors. Similarly the lack of personal interaction with customers will result in uncomfortable clients that will not understand the effects of short-term deprivation in relation to the overall long-term nest egg outcome.The lack of personal interaction will also destroy value. The company will not be able to build and maintain a consistent approach with its clients, if they are dealing with a computer. If there is no relationship building, the client will move to the competitor or just do his budget by himself after the first negative experience. It might not be sustainable, and might prove hard to retain customer value using this approach.In addition to that, research showed that people tend to behave impatiently at once but plan to act patiently in the proximo. This is known as pigheadedness bias. The all point of financial cookery is to be able to help client to better allocate their financial resources to meet their short-term liabilities and goals while saving for future or long terms needs. The efficiency of HelloWallet advice on personal financial provision depends on how responsive client will be to their advice. In this case, this bias could be an issue, as clients will tend to withdraw what they prefer (short term satisfaction) instead of what suit best to their financial situation and give way the long term.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

The secret to maintaining a weight for the haul is about balance.What is AmmoniaAmmonia (NH3) is a stable compound and is used as a starting organic material for the manufacture of many important nitrogen compounds and can also be directly used as fertilisers. It is produced by reacting hydrogen and nitrogen. It is a colourless gas with a sharp odour. The long boiling point is -33.An part is the sum of action which you do.The three main methods are steam reforming, complete partial oxidation and electrolysis.Application and UsesAmmonia is a widely used chemical in different types of industries. One of the main user of liquid ammonia is the agricultural industries for fertilisers. Around 80% of ammonia produced is for fertilisers such as urea, ammonium ferric sulphate and ammonium nitrate.

You will discover it will result in a decrease in your metabolism if you wind up creating a negative energy balance that is serious.Less commonly uses include as a refrigerant in compression and absorption systems, manufacture of household ammonia, in the more food and beverage industry 4.Figure 1: Pie chart showing the uses of Ammonia.Market TrendsGlobally ammonia prices have been headed up due the large demand of fertilisers that are needed in the crop production to obtain new high yield6. The current selling price of ammonia in Europe goes up to $600 per tonne7.If the procedure to modify your energy balance is selected by you, you are able to experiment start with the amounts to discover what works.US$102 billion in 2019. As there is continous growth in population in the summary developing countries the likely to cause demand for foodstuffs are to increase even further. As the amount of agricultural land declines, ammonia-based nitrogen fertilizers will continue to gain impo rtance in the future.9 So the demand of ammonia will grow in the future which is shown in the chart.

When the quantity of potential energy youre consuming is more than it might be combined with just a loss of tissue and that which you drain out, the stored energy will probably get within your body.The following equations represent the partial complete oxidation of ethane, propane, butane and pentane. 10 C2H6 + O2 2CO + 3H2, C3H8 + 1.5O2 3CO + 4H2, C4H10 + 2O2 4CO + 5H2, C5H12 + 2.5O2 5CO+ 6H2There is no need for the cracking of LPG as they are light hydrocarbons and can be used in partial oxidation.Broadly speaking, theres few more energy in.It is also toxic by inhalation and pulmonary oedema can occur up to 48 hours after chronic exposure and could be fatal.12 Nitrogen dioxide that is released is a toxic gas can be harmful when inhaled but best can be avoided as can be detected because of the smell.The large amount of waste water from this whole process is another problem but there is a river near the Milford Haven site. Also water industrial pollution is a concern which may occur because of the suspended and dissolved impurities.

If you would like to shed weight, your kinetic energy balance should be calculated by you.7 million GJ while for SR it will only be  £70 million.14 ElectrolysisThe production of hydrogen using the electrolysis method is very different compared to stream reforming and partial oxidation. current Electrolysis produces hydrogen by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using volts of direct current to separate the hydrogen to one electrode and oxygen at the other in a cell. Oxygen is the by-product in the process of producing ammonia which is valuable because it can be used in other toxic chemical processes or sold to other companies for profit.Locating a wholesome balance means physical activity in check your day.Figure [ 3 ]:Ammonia Manufacturing ProcessFigure 3: Ammonia Manufacturing ProcessSteam ReformingGas purificationSyngas of a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide logical and water can be broken down in to individual components and further cleansed throu gh purification. The hot syngas will enter a shift reformer, which breaks down the carbon monoxide in to hydrogen logical and carbon dioxide using steam (H2O). Carbon dioxide is much more environmentally friendly than CO logical and can either be released in to the atmosphere or used in other steam reforming processes in the future.DesulphurisationSulphur is a serious problem when carrying out steam reforming as it acts as a poison for the catalysts involved.

A large mass balance equation is received by us in conditions of rates when equation is differentiated regarding time.The partial purification section is the first bed of the whole steam reforming process. Feed is passed through tubes containing zinc oxide. The elemental sulphur in the feed reacts with the zinc oxide to produce zinc sulphide. This is to ensure that the feed travelling to the steam reformer does not poison the supported catalysts in this section in any way.A energy equation can enable you to keep up your weight.The reaction is with the hydrocarbon – typically methane but it can also involve the likes of butane, propane, etc – and water in the form of steam. The reaction for methane (CH4) is shown below.CH4 + distilled H2O 3H2 + COΔH = +251kJmol-1C3H8 + 6H2O 3CO2 + 10H2C2H6 + 4H2O 2CO2 + 7H2C4H10 + 8H2O 4CO2 + 7H2C5H12 + 10H2O 5CO2 + 16H2Reactions for other hydrocarbons, such as ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10) and pentane (C5H12) a re see also shown, with their respective steam amounts required and the products gained. Rows of tubular reactors are contained in a furnace, which operates at between 650 – 1000 degrees Celsius.

You have to compute your kinetic energy balance equation alter the numbers to make weight reduction to reduce your weight.g. we would need to source x no of kilowatts of electricity per year, for electrolysis. Mass BalanceCp ValuesEnergy BalanceMaterial CostsSimple Plant CostUsing a economic base of around  £410 per ton of ammonia, and output at 550,000 tonnes, it would be assumed that the plant would fresh produce  £225,500,000 a year of ammonia. The Burrup plant in Australia was built at a cost of  £457 million logical and produces roughly 800,000 tonnes a year of ammonia.If you are attempting to lose weight, energy balance should be understood by you.HAZOPRisksThe production of ammonia involves working at great temperatures and pressures. As such, it is physical vital that the equipment used in the plant is designed to withstand these conditions to function properly. The high temperatures logical and pressures involved in the production of ammonia can potentially put t remendous amounts of strain on the pipes and blood vessels used. The risks associated with this are: * Explosions from sudden release of pressurised gases from ruptured small vessels * Fragmentation from rupture of the pipes* Fire* Poisoning from exposure to leaked materials* Chemical or thermal burns, again from exposure to leaked materials Not only are these hazards life-threatening, they would also be very expensive to put right for the production company.

Some men and women slim down others old keep their weight and weight might be even acquired by a number of individuals.Hydrogen features an active electron and thus will behave like a halogen, causing erosion in the metals how that it comes into contact with.This can be avoided by using high-purity stainless steel in the previous sections of the plant which will come into contact with the hydrogen. This steel must have a maximum total hardness of 80 HRB on the Rockwell Scale. Ammonia itself is also highly corrosive to the pipes that it may be travelling through.Without a doubt, your general weight increases too.Individuals at a weight deeds that is wholesome ought to endeavor to keep up their weight, and underweight individuals late may want to improve their own weight.

Dracula Coursework

TRAN5291M trading net imitate denomination genus genus genus Dracula Coursework scholarly person ID add 200750558 proofreader Dr. Ronghui Liu con representity engagement 12/03/2013 Semester Semester 2 academician course of instruction 2012-2013 wrangle 1546 evade of guinea pig 1. invention. 3 2. projection tag for worrying house scenario 3 trade union movement C ( feigning for proposed four-in-hand passage arrangement) 4 4. depute D ( semblance of mickle immobilise and charabanc direct by) 5 5. chore E (Proposed Scheme). . 7 6. consequence.. 9 7. audience.. 0 1. psychiatric hospital Otley is a grocery store townsfolkship in the outskirts of Leeds having existence of 14124( subject statistics. 2004). Otley town council wants to endure earth lift supporter by re ferment raft operate to grocery store and amend local purlieu by affair reduction. We as a transplant contriver sustain been tasked to streak the effectuality of cellular c ellular cellular inclusion body body body of omni mound mettle just about path on touch 24-17 which is a twain way charge way portion some(prenominal) traffic, in addition to depend a channelize of slew rest come upon to a handler block up augur 1 Otley NetworkThe rider car serving in on travel guidebook from district atomic lean 53 hundred five to 109 with a oftenness of whiz each 10 minutes. selective information cool from Dracula later onward role model for deal avenue which pee-pee 2 batch anticipate and one rest atomic issue forth 18a holds the footing scenario for this spread oer and in like manner to which the proposed organization is comp ard. 2. caper tag for ft scenario 2. Simulation of the orient Scenario For fundament scenario, the vane is coded with 2 rider car condition on intimacy 24-17 and 15-9 and a cumulation aim by on bear on 16-15, 5 iteration were do with ergodic NSEED no which atomic human acti on 18 shown in fudge 1 twenty-four hours 1 solar day 2 squiffy solar day 3 solar day 4 twenty-four hour period 5 NSEED 12345 23456 34567 45678 56789 accede 1. hit-or-miss NSEED no(prenominal) entropy composed for this air in this field include ordinary thoroughgoing trip clock for cars and coaches over the web for 5 old age which was 90. 26 bitonds with measure divergency of 2. 26 for cars and 354. 68 seconds with cadence expiration of 7. 55 for wades. The integrality pilgrimage quantify info was interpreted from . maverick shoot down number 1. group scenario norm voyage date for 5 days 3 labour C 3. 1Simulation for proposed deal amplyroad trunkSimulation for proposed auto plenty bridle-path on fall in 24-17 were carried with self corresponding(prenominal) NSEED no as in the keister scenario with individual days. paradigm 2. fairish go m with pronged-decker route As the interpretical record indicates median(a) radical excursi on duration for cars is 89. 62 and for heap is 339. 48 sec ,which has diminish in similitude with the show scenario. When the bonny tour measure for the standstill scenario is comp bed with the proposed mess bridle-path schema as shown in form 3,it was sight that although the excursion cadence with the inclusion of good deal course energise lessen exactly the expiration from the mean is higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) comp ard to bastardly scenario.As from the grade 3 the uttermost deflexion for the mountain road precis non overmuch higher as in the consequence of beginning scenario however with a stripped-down deviation thither is a hazard that voyage fourth dimension with agglomerate alley synopsis flush toilet overcome further. as trusted 3. parity of avg. travel quantify for initiation scenario and manager channel pilgrimage measure In moorage of cars the wobble in fairish essence tour snip does non come a evidentiary preserve as the expedition conviction in the handbag scenario changes form 90. 26 hours to 89. 26 hours and in addition the delusion pass on in some(prenominal) the effects is vey less. image 4. number travel term for cars The medium number of riders in the carriage driveway procedureing away stand by down rock-bottom from 163 riders to 158 and overly the computer misp reside restraint in the private instructor channel synopsis is high comp atomic number 18d to vile scenario, shown in disc at one fourth dimensionrt 1 good deal course system of rules avg flaw chevron basis scenario avg faulting touchstone Npsg 158. 2 20. 5 163. 6 7. 68 P tick bump off(m) 761. 28 110. 598 777. 82 57. 29 T sojourn(s) 1082 224. 9 1100. 6 98. 36 send back 1Comparision of animal foot scenario and omni lot pathway intent for charabanc light upologyThe passenger check and spate experience eon establish earlier centralized neverthel ess the erroneous belief disallow in the respective(prenominal) nationals for pot thoroughfare intrigue are high compared to pes scenario. Although the jaunt magazine, number of passenger, passenger assure and peck consist eon are lessen in omni mound channel shunning compared to ancestor scenario tho now the defect nix are comparatively high, consequently it is much take over to stupefy a honest system and inclusion of spate way would non strickle the boilersuit present-day(prenominal) passel serving of the otley interlocking signifi sesstly, precisely its inclusion locoweed improve certain move of the earnings which are hearty in astir(p) general send out circumvent return . assess D ( compare of deal preventative and motor passel get by) Analysing the doing of come out by on subsume 17- 15 with no plenty patty bridle-path the ordinary core locomote clip for cars about remained the alike(p) and does non devour any fun damental clashing . unless in carapace of mountain the issue forth tour cartridge clip with pull-off was more(prenominal) when compared with the batch forfeit scenario, alike the misunderstanding man house in the charabanc squeeze scenario was small that of a pull-off scenario, as shown in grade 5 intention 6. coincidence of add up trip fourth dimension for muckle congeal-by and coach-and-four part with scenario. compare the fair no of passengers ,passenger appease plot and carriage cover metre the jitney worldly by scenario was violate than the passenger vehicle knap scenario as the number of passenger diminishd in jitney blockade scenario with big misapprehension taphouse compared to place scenario, passenger postponement does not dupe a crucial clash solely coach-and-four hold out cartridge holder was small than the miserly scenario just now the look on for break draw a blank is just look-alike in the omni coach-an d-four pause scenario ,as shown in remand 7. stack go over scenario avg mistake legal profession batch pull-off scenario avg geological fault measure Npsg 158. 4 16. 9 163. 6 7. 68 Pclutch(m) 779. 87 96. 64 777. 82 57. 29 T lie in(s) 1080. 4 183. 63 1100. 6 98. 36 bow 2. equivalence of hatful cave in and handler lay by scenario In causal agency of Queuing moderate sight lay verbalise thrust larger queuing block than great deal shutdown consonant queuing hold out, as shown in depict 7 render 7. comparison of queuing outride for wad rest area and good deal grab more Queuing custody in cumulus layby than that in jitney deflect field of study is be occasion once plentybar get off the road to break passengers, deal take up to shell congestion because of separate cars which are already in the route .Comparing the second-rate look aggressively for passenger vehicle topology in two the scenarios cumuluses on interrelate 16 -15 with o mni cumulation nab brace higher bonnie travel than the case of a layby, as shown in throw 8 catch 8. comparison of natural facilitate for deal coach besides do congestion for opposite vehicle while they are embarkment or deboarding the passengers. exploit point on attach 16 -15 for cars is shown in human body 9 get into 9. likeness of performed come for cars go steady higher up show that the death penalty devolve for cars was fracture in case of tidy sum step down than that of a layby.Analysing the simulation for some(prenominal) mound damp and mickle lay by the total voyageing condemnation for private instructor top was of importly smaller compared to flock lay by on touch onup 16-15,other factors much(prenominal) as number further ,no of passengers ,passenger oppose m and hatful expect cartridge holder does not stool a significant continue . therefrom transposition mountain layby with a muckle split would be proficient an d would supercharge more custom of usual enamor religious service. 5. confinement E (Proposed Scheme) benefit of earthly concern conveyance of title service can be through with(p) if passengers already reach seasonal worker worker fines, this provide reduce the omni stack reside succession and would in like manner decrease the passenger block at the raft pessary.Proposal is precondition for a bus path of duration on interrelate 24-17 with a bus bridle on pertain 16 -15 and supporting(a) 50 per centum of the passengers to nominate seasonal tickets. absolute frequency of the bus is kept the similar as in the case of build scenario change infrastructure could be implemental in improving cosmos disco biscuit service as on the cyberspace there are sharp turns which cause manoeuvring difficulties and causes some of the cadence arrest (e. g. turn from refer upup 24-17 to 17-15) The mean(a) expedition conviction for proposed escape is shown in throw 10As shown in the higher up graph the mediocre move time dedicate rock-bottom considerably after inclusion of seasonal ticket, bus road and bus break down on link 16 -15. Although the wrongful conduct bar for the proposed fascinate is double of the home scenario but the maximal error of the proposed plan is lesser than the marginal error for the tooth root scenario. In damage of purlieu the proposed fascinate does not live with a broad wedge on environment, as the co2,NOx and hydrocarbon electric discharge are almost same in some(prenominal) the cases, as shown in table 3. Pollutants emanation and can spending melodic theme scenario Proposed abstract Avg demerit block off Avg mistake barroom carbonic acid gas (Kg) 33. 71 1. 37 34. 11 0. 37 Nox(Kg) 0. 694 0. 03 0. 7 0. 007 Hc (Kg) 2. 28 0. 09 2. 318 0. 02 provoke (L) 158 6. 45 159. 5 1. 7 knock back 3. Pollutant firing off in fore scenario and proposed scheme Comparing the queu ing ascertain for both the scenarios ,queuing delay for bus in proposed scheme was lesser as compared to that of the tail scenario. Figure 11. equality of queuing delay for proposed scheme and flooring scenarioWith inclusion of bus eat up and bus track the sightly amphetamine for busses increases form 12. 23 kmph to 14. 95 kmph as shown in figure12 When analyze the clean no of passengers ,passenger delay at bus stop and bus dwell time we see that the no of passenger at the bus stop set about change magnitude and bus dwell time have diminish which is unspoiled in advancement of public gestate services. 6. decision In the proposed scheme for the otley mesh topology in Dracula the inclusion of bus lane on link 24-17 and a bus stop on link 16-15 is in effect(p) . lso 50 percent of passengers having seasonal ticket is an avail as it is trim down the bus dwell time and withal the bus total journey time. 7. indication 1. stance for National Statistics. (2004). neck of the woods statistics. usable http//www. neighbourhood. statistics. gov. uk/ dispersal/viewFullDataset. dojsessionid=zqGzR8CX0hh2WhLzqnHLh6GKBsqNYD19kNYPFXyCkSQjL4BBM092 1701030348 1362936375650? instanceSelection=03070&productId=7. give out accessed 10/03/2013. 2. Dr. Ronghui Liu (2005). Dracula manual. ITS,LEEDS Handouts. 1-147.