Marshall School of Business Essays - Marketing, Business Economics

Marshall School of Business University of Southern California MARKETING 465 GLOBAL MARKETING MANAGEMENT Spring, 2011 Faculty: Dennis A. Schorr, Ph.D. Office: ACC 226 Phone: 740-5041 E-mail: [emailprotected] Office Hours: Mon. 3:30-5:30 P.M. or by appointment Course Objectives: The major objectives of this course are to: a) Understand the key characteristics of various country markets and how to develop marketing plans in diverse environments b) Appreciate the limitations of an ethnocentric approach to international marketing and develop a complex, global perspective on marketing c) Understand the role of marketing in a company's global strategy and learn how to develop global marketing strategies d) Develop a multidimensional, nuanced perspective on marketing standardization vs. adaptation and learn how to balance the pressures for globalization vs. localization of the various elements of the marketing mix e) Appreciate the roles of global, regional, and local brands in a company's portfolio and learn how to manage effectively each type of product or service In support of these goals, the course is divided into five major topic areas. The first topic area focuses on the opportunities and challenges of international marketing and how to assess country environmental factors that are most relevant to the management of international marketing. The second topic area concentrates on how to select markets to enter and how to develop international and global marketing strategies. The third topic area examines the similarities and differences in product markets across countries and how to develop marketing strategies for various types of products and services. The fourth topic area deals with how to develop product policy in the international context including the management of branding, positioning, product attributes, and packaging. The fifth topic area is concerned with how to develop distribution/retailing, advertising/promotional, and pricing policies in the international context including how to manage the tradeoffs of standardization vs. adaptation associated with each element of the marketing mix. Throughout the course, a variety of country markets in various regions of the world will be discussed and a variety of different types of products and services will be addressed. Class Sessions: The class sessions will focus on the understanding of major concepts, frameworks, and analytical tools used in global marketing and the application of these concepts, frameworks, and tools to the understanding of real-world situations. The textbook chapters are designed as background reading to introduce the major concepts in the field. Readings are chosen to expose you to recent trends in global marketing. Case discussions will develop your skills in applying the concepts to actual managerial situations. Assignments and exercises will also assist in developing your knowledge and competencies in the area. Class sessions will consist of lectures in which conceptual material will be clarified and of discussions of cases, readings, exercises, and concepts to allow you to practice applying the material. Before each class session, you should read the assigned textbook chapters, readings, and cases and be prepared to discuss them in class. Course Evaluation: 25% Midterm Exam 25% Final Exam 10% Class Participation 10% Group Assignment # 1 10% Group Assignment # 2 10% Group Assignment # 3 10% Group Assignment # 4 As an important part of the learning in this course comes from class, you are expected to participate actively in class sessions. The level of class discussions and how much you gain from them depend in large part on how well prepared you are for each class and how actively you take part in the discussions. Thus, your level of preparation for class sessions and participation in discussions will be factored into the final evaluation. I realize that occasionally it is not possible to attend class. You can miss up to three class sessions without it affecting your grade; however, if you miss more than three sessions, it could have an impact on your participation grade. Occasionally, I will ask groups to make informal presentations in class; these informal presentations will be factored into the participation grade. Your individual mastery of the course material will be tested in a midterm and a final examination. The exams are designed to assess your knowledge of the material covered up to that point in the course. The four group assignments should be completed in groups of 4-5 people. They are designed to give you hands-on experience developing skills relevant to global marketing. Learning in these assignments should be enhanced by interacting and discussing the material with other members of your group. Peer evaluations of each member of your group will be conducted to ensure that all members contribute equitably to the assignments. All assignments are due at the

6 Critical AP Exam Tips to Ace Your Tests

6 Critical AP Exam Tips to Ace Your Tests SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The most important thing you can do to maximize your chances of getting a 5 on an AP exam is to learn the material. However, it is a standardized test, and there are strategies you can use to maximize your chances of success and make sure your hard work pays off. Keep reading for my top AP examtips! #1: Do Easy Questions First There’s no rule that you have to answer all of the questions in a given section in order. If you come to a question that looks either difficult or time-consuming, it’s fine to skip it and come back later. This applies to both the multiple-choice and free-response sections. Just make sure you are careful when you fill out your Scantron or your test booklet! Once you make a first pass and answer all the slam-dunk questions, then you can buckle down on the harder or more tedious questions.Don’t let yourself get held up too much on any one question, though. If you feel yourself getting bogged down, skip that question, and come back to it to either work on it more (if you have time) or guess (if you don’t). #2: Answer Every Question- But Be Smart About It Since there is no guessing penalty on AP exams, it is to your advantage to answer every question. If you aren’t sure of the right answer on a multiple-choice question, eliminate as many answers as you confidently can before guessing.This will up your chances of guessing the right answer and getting points! On a free-response or short answer question, just do the best you can to guess based on what you remember. If you leave a question blank, you’ll definitely get zero points, but if you write something even a little bit relevant, you might get partial points! And even one point is better than zero. #3: Manage Time Carefully You are allowed to bring a watch to the exam just so long as it doesn’t make noise. I highly advise doing so, so that you’ll be aware of how you are doing on time at any given moment. It’s critical that you pace yourself on the exam. On the multiple-choice section, if you notice yourself getting stuck on a particular question or series of questions, skip them and come back at the end. Don’t let a few questions completely tank your time. If you’re staring at a question in confusion for longer than a minute, move on and come back to it. On the free-response section, time management is even more critical because you’ll need to complete a series of tasks in an allotted amount of time, but you won’t be prompted to move on to the next essay or question. Keeping track of time will let you know if you’re on target to finish everything. You should have time targets for each essay or task in mind when you go into the test. This kind of clock is not allowed! #4: Plan Your Essays Carefully This may not apply to every AP exam- it’s hard to plan a math problem in advance- but for APs that do have essay questions, it’s critical that you plan them out before you start writing them. Even five minutes spent quickly jotting down your thesis and the main ideas of your paragraphs will help you write the essay faster, make your argument stronger, and ensure your essay is better-organized and more coherent. A slightly more detailed outline that denotes where you are going to include specific examples and evidence is even better if you have time. #5: Bring Water and a Snack for the Break This might seem like a relatively trivial tip, but you may experience some serious test fatigue during your AP exams. Bringing water and a snack- preferably one with a bit of protein and complex carbs, like a peanut butter granola bar- will help you stay energized through the exam and keep you from fading during the free-response section. An appropriate snack. #6: Keep Up Positive Self-Talk You might hit a bump in the road on exam day. Maybe you’ll see a question type you weren’t quite prepared for, forget something you thought you knew inside and out, or be totally stumped by a free-response question. The important thing if this happens is to not panic. Maintain positive self-talk. Tell yourself you are doing great. Move on to another question. Even if you’re still stumped when you come back around to it, keep telling yourself that you’re crushing the rest of the test. And then just do the best you can on the test. Key Takeaways If you want to get a 5 on your AP exam, the best thing you can do for yourself is to learn the material. However, there is still a strategic element to taking the AP, just like on other standardized tests. Here are my top six AP exam tips: Do easy questions first and come back to the harder ones later. Answer every question, but only guess after eliminating all the answers you know are wrong. Bring a watch and manage your time carefully! Carefully plan out your essays before you start writing! (This tip doesn’t apply to those APs without essays). Bring water and a snack for the break! Maintain positive self-talk, even if you hit a snag! With these AP test tips, you’ll maximize your chances of getting the score you’re aiming for! What's Next? Need more guidance on AP preparation? See our five-step plan on how to study for AP exams. Do you need an AP test perfect score?Read this guide to learn if it's something you should be aiming for. Taking a history AP exam? See our guide on how to write a top-scoring DBQ. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Best cost provider Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Best cost provider - Essay Example Best cost provider is a strategy that works towards striving to give customers the value of their money by combining an emphasis on low cost with on upscale differential. Porters power of supplier strategy is one form of best cost provider. It is a basis through which the producer can understand where power lies in a business situation. Based on the above scenario, the porters power of supplier would help the producer determine where to invest. It is clear that the power for the above named products lies in the quality, price, model, durability because these are the main factors driving the marketing of these products. Market research reveals that the quality is the power source for the multi-featured cameras. This means that the producer must consider the quality as far as the multi-featured camera is concerned. On the other hand, the price is the power source for the entry level camera. Because of this, the producer must ensure that the price matches the one in the market (Strickla nd & Thompson, 2001). SWOT analysis strategy is a tool for determining the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats. Opportunities are important as far as the best cost provider strategy is concerned. They are external chances that help to improve performance (e.g. make greater profits) in the environment. As a producer of the Entry and multi feature camera, it is essential to determine the opportunities for each of these products. There are a number of opportunities. These include the price/quality ration, the model selection, attractive discounts, advertising and special promotion. The producer should utilize one or combination of these opportunities based on the product in question (Strickland & Thompson, 2001). Based on the above discussion, it is clear that the best marketing strategy is determined by considering those competitive factors that determine the market share. It is clear that the price/quality ratings are the main

The Law on Occupiers Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The Law on Occupiers Liability - Essay Example When the girl poured the contents in the glass, it contained the decomposed remains of a snail. The girl was ill in consequence and sued the manufacturer for damage in tort. It was held the defendant was liable as he owed her duty of care to ensure that the bottle should contain objectionable matter as it did. (Jertz, 2004) We find that the occupiers' liability act provides a limited duty of care on occupiers to ensure that measures for protection of properties or other people from the risks that exist, in this law we find that there are provisions that follow this act, these provisions are: it abolishes the old distinction between licensees and invitees this category of persons include anyone to whom the occupier has expressly or implicitly allowed to enter or use his premises in this case the trespasser is not included. The act provides that an occupier of premises owes to all visitors that duty to take care in all circumstances therefore, it is necessary for the occupier to ensure that the visitor will be safe in using the premises for the purpose for which he has been permitted to be there. We also find that under the act, the occupier however has a right to restrict his liability by giving adequate warning such as about slippery floors. Here the occupier is not liable where the accident has occurred through the defective work of an independent contractor was competent and so far as he was able he had inspected the work done. (Jertz, 2004) The law on occupiers' liability to an injured trespasser is usually classified under the law of tort according to the present law. Whereby tort is defined as a civil wrong free of contracts, meaning it is an act that causes harm to a determined person whether intentionally or not. The remedies for these acts are always unliquidated damages which indicate that the court has power to fix the damages. Tort normally vary from contracts whereby we find that in contracts the duties are usually fixed by the parties under agreement themselves while in tort the duties are imposed by the law. Also we find that the law of tort is an infringement of the civil rights belonging to an individual in this case we find that the wrong doer has to compensate the injured party, according to the recent law the action is brought by the aggrieved party so that he can obtain compensation. This law constitutes of three major elements that is there must be a wrongful act or omission by the defendant this means that there must a person who is being sued for his wrongful acts. Secondly there must be a legal damage and lastly the wrongful act must be of such nature as to give rise to a legal remedy in the form of an action for the damages. There also exist some civil wrongs that are actionable even though no damage is suffered by the plaintiff. An example of such a civil wrong is the trespass on land. In recent law we find that there are many types of torts such trespass and defamation but in the real sense it represents a civil wrong whose only remedy is a common law. In the case of the law on the occupier's liability to injured trespassers we find that it

The application of sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The application of sustainability - Essay Example Hence, CABE, the government’s advisor on architecture, urban design and public space, considers investment in sustainable development as a national insurance policy, which makes cities better places to live in, creating new jobs and reducing fuel scarcity and traffic congestion. Seven issues have been highlighted by CABE to focus on while working towards sustainability. They are: reducing energy usage, optimising power supply to buildings, making streets fit for people, rethinking waste, planning for shortage/excess of water, moderating heat, and creating green spaces. The most important step towards achieving sustainability is reducing the inefficient use of finite resources. Reduction targets should be fixed, progress reviewed, effects updated regularly and published. The leaders should be able to think long-term and make long-term decisions and long-term goals. Energy and waste should be planned and managed together. There should be greater control of land and assets with i ncreased investment in energy security, flood protection and water supply. Investments should be made in urban forestry, and buildings should be assessed for sustainable designs. Valuation and asset management should be reviewed, shifting focus to long-term returns ensuring more protection from boom and bust cycles (CABE 2009, p.9). Fragmentation of land ownership could lead to sub-standard maintenance of land and the structures on it. Cities should create an energy strategy, involving the utility companies, tracing the current and future needs and planning for the future, prioritising low-carbon, sustainable energy sources. Efforts should be made to reduce energy consumption to power buildings. Renewable energy technologies should be used along with behavioural changes to ensure energy security. The transportation system, including the roads, should be planned is such a way that there is minimum need for travel. Streets should be maintained in an improved

Adding Value In Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay

Adding Value In Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay This chapter reviews the relevant literature and starts with discussion on Adding Value in supply chain management with special focus on pharmaceutical industry and to understanding firms supply chain management and competitive advantages. With involved four major points those are Challenges, Collaboration and Planning High performance delivery, Integration Implementation. Following there is a discussion on theoretical framework on supply chain management, role of top management and overview of latest supply chain management systems. In the last this chapter conclude with summary. 2.1 Adding Value in supply chain management: First question arise that what is Value adding in supply chain? Base on literature review value adding is the difference between input cost and output value (Hines, 2004, p.224). Value added along supply chain takes the form of tangible goods added and intangible services supplied (Hines, 2004). Value added notify to any additional value created at a particular stage of service by key service factors including; tangible value added through material transformation, labour and captical goods and intangible value added through capital and building of collaborative relationships. Firms can add value in many ways, like improve supply method from current level to higher level which is also part of add value in supply chain. Value adding resources within a supply chain are the tangible (processes). Intangible capabilities of a firm (firm attributes, firm controlled information, knowledge and collaborative relationships) enhance efficiency and effectiveness (Cunningham, 1995). By reviewing literature, the value chain concept was developed and popularized in 1985 by Michael Porter in Competitive Advantage. Porter defined value as the amount buyers or customers are willing to pay for what a firm provides, and he visualized the value chain as the arrangement of nine basic values to customers. Porter linked up the value chains between firms to form what he mentioned a value system; now in present era of globalisation and collaboration the link between two firms creating value process called the value chain. As value chain name involves the interpedently processes that generate value of products and the resulting demand and funds flows that are created. According to the Martin Christopher value chain activities can be categorized into two types primary activities (Inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and services) and support activities (Infrastructure, human resource management, technology development and procurement) (Christo pher, 2005). From the literature review, author suggests that first, we need to understand the physical resources that are required within a supply chain to create and deliver a finished service to a customer. Second, we must understand the exchange relationship between particular supply chain resources and the flow of revenue in the value chain. Third, we must also understand what it is about the ownership and control of particular supply chain resources that allows certain resources to command more of the flow of value than others. In understanding this, the process of analytically mapping the properties of power within supply and value chains can commence. To deliver a value, product category and availability is also play important role in supply chain management. By reviewing literature, author understand that alternative perspective of viewing supply chains as value chains identifies economic value as being added through coordinated management of the flow of physical goods and information at each stage of the chain (Davis Stewart, 2004). The theoretical basis for supply chains, Handfield and Nichol (2002, p8), define them as including all organisation and activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the materials stage, through to the end user, as well as the associated information flows Information sharing is identified as a key driver for improving supply chain performance and enhancing competitive advantage (Zhang, 2006). Additionally supply chains can be characterised as value system and are defined as a connected series of organisations, resources and knowledge streams involved in the creation and delivery of value to the end customer(Handfield Nichols, 2002, P11). 2.1.2 Companys supply chain management and competitive advantage: Definition of supply chain is the network of organizations that are involved, through upstream and downstream linkages, in the different processes and activities that produce value in the form of products and services delivered to the ultimate consumer (Christopher 1992). In other words, a supply chain consists of multiple firms, both upstream (i.e., supply) and downstream (i.e., distribution), and the ultimate consumer (John T. Mentzer, 2001). The philosophy behind supply-chain management has changed. Previously the central concept was to manage an inventory that acted as a buffer between a limited production capacity and variable customer demands. The scope of the task was interpreted as managing warehouses and transport operations. The current priority is to engineer the supply chain as a seamless whole, breaking down the barriers that have existed between purchasing, production, distribution and sales. These issues are particularly relevant to the pharmaceutical industry. Functions have traditionally operated independently and there has been a consequent sub optimization of the supply chain by fragmenting it along functional lines. In its new form, supply-chain management is a corporate-level task on which several strategic objectives depend, not least ensuring a satisfactory return on capital employed while ensuring the supply of goods and services to designated markets at the service levels demanded. To achieve this, even at a national level, using local facilities to supply local markets is a challenge, requiring close integration of the supply chain and subjugation of functional/ departmental objectives to the needs of the supply chain as a whole. To achieve it globally is much more difficult (Booth, 1996). 2.1.3 Contemporary approaches to achieve competitive advantage: One of the first ideas about theoretical framework for understanding firms performance is Porter (1980). He introduces a strategic and analytical approach to understanding competitive strategy, and said that Every firm competing in an industry has a competitive strategy, whether open or hidden (Porter, 1980). He proposes a framework for analysis industries and competitors and describes three generic strategies, cost leadership, differentiation and focus. He postulates that if a firm is able to do well in any of these strategic fields, It will gain competitive advantage. Porters concept is portraying in below figure. Competitive Advantage of a Firm Generic Competitive strategies Overall cost leadership Differentiation Focus Figure: 2-1: Strategies to achieve competitive advantage: source Porter (1980). -Cost Leadership is most important in competitive pharmaceutical distribution chain, efficient-scale facilities, pursuit of cost reductions, and cost minimization in all areas of the firm. This action can increase companys profit. -Differentiation of product like, different one medicine in different brand (Ports and Blister pack) or service differentiation including design and brand image, customer service, and distribution or dealer network. This action can help increase customer loyalty and ensure often purchase. -Focus on markets, buyers or product line (new line of medicine with its generics version) can help to achieve competitive advantage. The framework of Porter, in fig 2-1 shows, that the proficient strategies can provide competitive advantage. Porter (1980) also argues that competitive advantage comes from the many separate activities a firm achieve in designing, storage, marketing, delivering and creating owns products. Each of this processing contributes to a firms relative cost to position and creates a basis for differentiation. This is the Pharmaceutical logistic value chain, and a firm has to recollection its strategically relevant activities in order to understand the behaviour of costs and the existing and potential sources of differentiation. A company gains competitive advantage by performing these strategically important activities better than its competitors (Porter, 1985). The general value chain concept, and Sigmas existing concept is illustrated in figure 2-2. Supply chain advance Marketing Leadership Advance Primary Activities Profit Margin Support Activities Inbound Sigma House Picking and Customer Marketing Logistics (Warehouse) Assembling Service Tele-sales Procurement Human Resource Management Technology service Development Firm (Sigmas) Infrastructure and Platform Services Figure 2-2: The value chain and Theoretical Framework to achieve competitive Advantage (Adapted from Porter 1985). The definition of supply chain including all basic activities, therefore sales, marketing and customer service activities can be construed as part of the supply chain approach show in the above figure. In company, Tele-sales and marketing processes, such as demand management, order processing and customer relationship building management are included in the internal processes shown in the figure and in the supply chain literature review. However, sales and marketing activity, such as sales calls, advertising and some post delivery support processes are excluded from supply chain activity. This is consistent with the approach taken by the supply chain model it uses to measure supply chain activity (Supply chain council, 2007). There is various types of approaches to achieve competitive advantage, strategic approach, 2.1.4 The strategic Planning approach: In important of porter (1980) approaches, a strategic planning approach that is companys competitive advantage can be planned for this. This includes planning for differentiation in the delivering a value in supply chain, low cost leadership and focus. Strategy is always the product of a complex and unexpected interplay between basic information, personalities and aspiration according to Hamel (1998). What this implies is that one does not gain for obvious solution and strategies but should look at alternatives, challenge assumptions, and look at new ways of delivering superior customer value and firm performance. 2.1.5 Marketing strategy approach: The marketing capabilities approach introduces the concept of capabilities of a market driven organization and explores the links between capabilities and a firms performance and market success (Day, 1999). A firms competitive advantage comes from two sources: Assets or resources, which are acquired over time and distinct capabilities, which are the glue that holds these assets together. Examples are DHLs secure delivery across the globe and Walmarts logistic systems. Such capabilities provide competitive advantage and help organization to deliver a value to its every customer. Other Proponents of the marketing capability approach are cool and Derrick (1989), Aaker (1989), caves and Gale (1987). The concept of capabilities is not new and was proposed much earlier by penrose in 1959. However, this has been popularized as the concept of core competencies of the corporation that can lead to a firms success by Hamel and Prahalad in 1990. They actually propose some tests to measure the st rength and success of core competencies. An example of Federal expresses its packaging and delivery process. The product differentiation approach by Trout (2000), states that what matters is differentiation of product or service, that are too many choice in todays world, and only differentiation provides competitive advantage. In Pharmaceutical business there many manufacture produce a medicine under different choice, keeping all different sort of product and supplying on time will be better advantage over the competitive. 2.1.6 The Introduction of the supply chain approach: In the competitive market of the early decade, there has been a change in management action, resulting for searching strategies that provide superior value to customers. As a result in the supply chain approach to gaining competitive advantage has moved into the frontline of business strategies, especially in developed countries. This approach has its introduced from historical military campaigns (Britannica, 1999) and recently from porter of value chain, with its importance on inbound and outbound logistics, and production operation. In a discussion on marketing logistics thinking argue that logistics has major impact on customer satisfaction, success and costs. They recommend that a firm manage its entire supply chain and that such an approach will add value in existing supply chain within the organization and will help to gain competitive advantage over rival. 2.2 Supply chain Management and factors: 2.2.1 Definition of supply chain and management: It will be helpful to go through some basic definitions of supply chain and management: Supply chain is all inter linked resources and activities needed to create and deliver products and service to customers (Hakanson, 1999). Supply chain management goes advance and including managing supply and demand, resourcing, assembling and packing, distribution across the globe and delivery to the every customer (Supply chain council, 2009). A more on supply chain management is a network of relationships, with the goal to deliver superior value, the management of upper level and lower level relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver best value in services at effective cost to the supply chain as a whole (Christopher, 1998). This definition is a key part of this dissertation in terms of gaining competitive advantage or delivering best value to sigma pharmaceutical customers. 2.2.2 Key areas of Supply chain management system: References Literature Review 1. Christopher, M. (2005). Logistic and supply chain managment. London: FT prentice Hall. 2. Handfield, R. B. Nichols, E. L. (2002) Supply Chain Redesign: Transforming Supply Chains into Integrated Value systems, U.S.A: Prentice Hall. 3. Zhang, C. (2006). Secure Information sharing in Internet-based supply chain management systerms. Coumputer Information Systems , 18-24. 4.

Phyllis Wheatley :: essays research papers

Televangelists like Jimmy Swaggert and Jim and Tammy Fay Bakker promise the Christian faith to millions everyday. For the right price, anybody can have something- a.k.a. Christianity, God, and faith- in their lives. On these shows, there is no need to have believed in religion before, as long as there is a need for it now. Religious telecasts asking for money in exchange for faith attract nearly five million people each year. Fifty-five percent of these people are elderly woman; Thirty-five percent are from the desperation pool, the poorest and neediest members of society; The remaining ten percent are those who might be classified as upper-middle class, who want spiritual justification for their greed. Most of us know that the religion professed on these telecasts is not about trusting in God or having a deep belief in his teachings, ideas that aggregate Christianity in society. Instead, the old, the poor, and the rich are buying something to have as their own when they have nothing else, whether it be in the material, social, or emotional sense. So-called faith gives them possession, yet places responsibility in the hands of a higher force. And in that, they are hoping to find freedom in knowing that their lives are less empty and without direction. It may seem that we can hardly relate the televangelist audience of the 20th Century to poetic views on Christianity of the 18th Century, but surprisingly, there lies many similarities between the two.. Both Anne Bradstreet and Phyllis Wheatley appeal to Christianity after their own personal tragedies. These women, like the many viewers who watch Church-TV everyday, have lost everything and are left with nothing. In an attempt to fill the void in their lives, left by Bradstreet’s burnt house and Wheatley’s treatment as a slave, they turn to the Christian faith that at times seems as empty as the faith that can be commercialized and sold by dramatists on television. In analyzing "Here Follows Some Verses Upon the Burning of Our House" and "On Being Brought from Africa to America," I will consider Christian faith as means of coping with nothingness, rather than a pious way of life. While making references to Anne Bradstreet’s similar development of faith, I will contend that Phyllis Wheatley’s Christianity seen is sought out for her own purposes in times of feeling nullity rather than a confident belief or trust in God and the acceptance of God’s will. Phyllis Wheatley’s first appeals to Christianity emerge as she is transported on a slave ship from West Africa to Boston in July 1761, which begins the poem under analysis.